Questions for preschoolers on logical thinking. Logic problems for older preschool children

The development of logical thinking in preschoolers is an extremely important and labor-intensive process in which both parents and educators take part. The mental development of preschool children is an integral part of their mental development. The baby accumulates various knowledge, ideas about the world, develops cognitive skills, and masters speech. By the age of five, children are already able to operate with simple scientific knowledge and make inferences. The task of parents and educators, and simply elders who take part in the fate of the child, during this period is to create a system of elementary knowledge for preschoolers, which will reflect simple but necessary connections and dependencies in one or another type of activity.

One of the most effective methods for this are speech and logical tasks. Logical tasks for preschoolers are aimed at activating already acquired knowledge and developing the ability to make simple inferences. It is the active activities of preschoolers that ensure normal mental development in the future.

What it is?

Firstly, they can be phrases that represent a changed course of things. The child is asked to restore his familiar situation.
Secondly, tasks may require preschoolers to remember a known fact and draw an inference based on it.
Thirdly, logical tasks can be presented in the form of pictures, where you need to find the odd one out, find the differences, continue the image, etc. We will look at speech logic tasks.

Sample problems

Here are several examples of problems for preschoolers with answers. But before you give them to your children, try to decide for yourself. Sometimes such tasks are difficult even for elders.

— Svetochka loves to chat. In what month does she talk little?

— In February, since there are 28-29 days in February..

— What needs to be done to ensure that five men are in one boot?

- Everyone needs to take off one boot.

— How to find snow from last year?

— after celebrating the New Year, you need to go out into the yard.

“The person is sitting, but you will not be able to sit in his place, even if this person leaves.” Where is he located?

- On your lap.

— What stones are not found in the sea?

— What is cooked, but cannot be eaten?

Lessons for school.

— The table had four corners. One corner was sawed off. How much is left?

- Five corners.

“If it's upside down, it'll be one-third larger.” What is this?

- Number six.

— What can be measured, but does not have width, length, height and depth?

— Time and temperature.

- What kind of comb is impossible to comb your hair with?

- cockerel.

-What kind of thing travels around the world, remaining in one corner?

— Stamp on the envelope.

— What can’t be put even in the biggest saucepan?

- The lid from this pan.

— What is easy to pick up from the ground, but cannot be thrown far?

— What is heavier: 1 kg of iron or 1 kg of fluff?

- The same, since they weigh a kilogram.

—What animals did Moses take into his ark?

—Moses did not take animals into the ark. Noah did it.

— We bought a gift for one boy for the New Year. He asked to remove the lid from the gift so that he could pet it. What kind of gift was it?

- Turtle.

— What insects are “tamed” by humans?

As you can see, these logic problems, intended for preschoolers, may seem difficult even for older ones, although their answers are extremely simple.

How can small children guess? - you ask, adults.

But for preschoolers, such tasks are not difficult, since they are not captive to the prejudices and ingrained ideas formed by their elders. Children look at the world as something new, unknown, so their answers are sometimes surprising and sometimes surprising. Of course, logical problems for preschoolers related to specific knowledge cannot be solved if they do not have this knowledge. For example, a task where it is necessary to list the animals in Moses’ ark cannot be solved without knowledge of biblical stories. Thus, logical tasks also require developed erudition, which is not always sufficiently developed in modern preschoolers. Tasks are a good sign for elders to pay attention to gaps in the knowledge and ideas of preschoolers. Let's look at some more similar logical problems.

— One of the most famous mathematical problems, invented by the ancient Irish scientist Alcuin.

The peasant needs to transport three things by boat to the other side.

These are goat, cabbage and wolf. But the boat will only support the peasant himself and one of the named objects or animals.

How to transport cargo to the other side?

At the same time, you cannot leave a goat next to the cabbage, and a wolf next to the goat.

Solution

To correctly transport the cargo to the other side, you must first take the goat, then take the cabbage, transport it to the other side, and pick up the goat. Leave the goat and transport the wolf to the shore where the cabbage lies. Then transport the goat.

— In ancient times, women wore a special headdress called a kokoshnik. From the ancient name of which bird does this word come from?

- Chicken.

— Two men came to the river at the same time. However, a boat that can carry one to the other side will support one. And yet they swam simultaneously to the other side.

How?

— The men were moving from different banks.

— What language is spoken by the most people on the planet?

In Chinese.

“These people, coming from foreign places to their native land, brought palm branches with them. What were these people called?

Pilgrims.

— Among fruits, bananas are the most produced on the planet, with citrus fruits taking second place in production. What fruits rank third in terms of production?

- Apples.

— Who does the proverb “neither fish nor fowl” refer to?

- About crayfish.

— In the seventeenth century, Marco Aroni invented a new dish. Which?

- Pasta.

Scientists have observed that almost all female names in Rus' ended with the letters –a or –ya. What name does not end with these letters?

“Everyone knows the saying “you can’t take the trash out of the hut.” How was garbage disposed of in the old days?

They burned it.

- Only in one place did Russian men wear mittens and hats at any time of the year. What kind of place is it?

— The Greeks in ancient times made shoes from sandalwood. Which one?

Sandals.

— The Italian flag has three colors: red, green and black. What berry prompted the Italians to choose these particular colors?

Watermelon berry.

Materials for downloading on the topic

You can download all tasks in a common archive

Mathematics problems for senior group.

Logic problems.

1. Sasha ate a large and sour apple. Kolya is big and sweet. What is the same and what is different in apples?
2. Masha and Nina looked at the pictures. One in a magazine, the other in a book. Where did Nina look if Masha didn’t look in the magazine?

3. Tolya and Igor were drawing. One is a house, the other is a branch with leaves. What did Tolya draw if Igor did not draw the house?

4. Alik, Vanya and Vova lived in different houses. Two houses had 3 floors, one had 2 floors. Alik and Borya lived in different houses, Borya and Vova also lived in different houses. Who lived where?

5. Kolya, Vanya and Seryozha were reading books. One is about travel, another is about war, the third is about sports. Who read about what, if Kolya didn’t read about war and sports, and Vanya didn’t read about sports?

6. Zina, Lisa and Larisa were embroidering. One is leaves, the other is birds, the third is flowers. Who embroidered what if Lisa didn’t embroider leaves and birds, and Zina didn’t embroider leaves?

7. The boys Slava, Dima, Petya and Zhenya planted fruit trees. One is apple trees, the second is pears, the third is plums, the fourth is cherries. Who planted what, if Dima is not plum trees, apple trees and pears, Petya is not pears and apple trees, and Slava is not apples?

8. Two girls planted trees, and one - flowers. What did Tanya plant if Sveta and Larisa and Marina and Tanya planted different plants?

9. Three girls drew two cats and a hare. What did Asya draw if Katya and Asya and Lena and Asya drew different things?

10. Two boys bought stamps, one bought a badge and one bought a postcard. What did Kolya buy if Zhenya and Tolya and Tolya and Yura bought different things, and Misha bought a badge?

11. Two boys lived on one street, and two on another. Where did Petya and Kolya live, if Oleg and Petya and Andrey and Petya lived on different streets?

Serious challenges

1. Kolya sculpted 4 soldiers, and Slava - 1. How many soldiers did the guys sculpt in total?

2. There were 6 porcini mushrooms and 3 boletus mushrooms in the basket. How many mushrooms were there in total?

3. There were 6 mushrooms in the basket, 1 mushroom turned out to be inedible and was thrown away. How many mushrooms are left?

4. 5 roses bloomed on the bush. Mom cut 3 pieces, how many are left?

5. There were 3 roses in the vase. Mom cut 2 more. How many roses were in the vase?

6. There were 5 red cups and 1 blue cup on the shelf. How many cups were there?

7. There are 8 tomatoes ripe on the bush. Four tomatoes were picked. How much is left?

Comparison problems.

1. Galya is more fun than Olya, and Olya is more fun than Ira. Who's the funniest?

2. Inna’s hair is darker than Olya’s. Olya's is darker than Anya's. Who has the lightest hair?

3. Tolya is taller than Igor, Igor is taller than Kolya. Who is tallest?

4. Katya is faster than Ira, Ira is faster than Lena. Who is the fastest?

5. Sasha is sadder than Tolya, Tolya is sadder than Vanya. Who's the most fun?

6. Misha is stronger than Oleg, Misha is weaker than Petya. Who is the strongest?

7. The hare is weaker than the dragonfly. The hare is stronger than the bear. Who is the weakest?

8. Sasha is 10 years younger than Igor. Igor is 2 years older than Lesha. Who is the youngest?

9. Ira is 3 cm shorter than Klava. Klava is 12 cm taller than Lyuba. Who is tallest?

10. Tolik is much lighter than Seryozha. Tolik is a little heavier than Valera. Who is the lightest?

11. Vera is a little darker than Luda. Vera is much brighter than Katya. Who is the brightest?

Logic puzzles.

You, me, me and you. How many of us are there in total? (2)
A man was walking into the city and on the way he caught up with three of his acquaintances. How many people went to the city? (4)
There were three apples in the vase. Mom treated them to three girls. Each of the girls received an apple, and there was one left. How did it happen? (one girl took an apple from a vase)
Three horses ran 5 km. How many kilometers did each horse run? (5 km each)
If a chicken stands on one leg, it weighs 2 kg. How much will a chicken weigh if it stands on two legs (2kg)
Three brothers have one sister. How many children are there in the family? (4)
You need to divide five apples between five girls so that one apple remains in the basket. (one must take an apple from the basket)
Can it rain two days in a row? (night cannot, divides days)

There were four birch trees. Each birch tree has 4 large branches. On each large branch there are 4 small ones. There are 4 apples on each small branch. How many apples are there in total? (not a single one, apples don’t grow on birch trees)
There were 4 apples on the table. One was divided in half. How many apples are on the table? (4)
One person was asked. how many children does he have? The answer was: “I have 6 sons, and each has a sister” (7)
Which figure has neither beginning nor end? (at the circle)
How can you pick a branch without scaring a bird off it? (impossible, it will fly away)
There were three glasses with berries on the table. Vova ate one glass of berries and put it on the table. How many glasses are there on the table? (3)
Three candles were lit in the room. Then one of them was extinguished. How many candles are left? (one, two others burned down)
Three people waited for the train for three hours. How long did each person wait (3 hours)
Vova went to see his grandmother on Monday and returned on Monday the following week. How many days later did he return? (7)

The boy and girl had the same number of nuts. The boy gave the girl 3 nuts. How many more nuts does the girl have than the boy? (by 3)
The first box contains 10 pencils, the second contains as many as the first, and the third contains the same as the second. How many pencils are in the third box? (10)
Sveta left for camp on Saturday. She promised her mother to come to her in 5 days. On what day of the week will mom come to Sveta? (Friday)
There was water in the decanter. When 5 glasses were poured out of it, one glass of water remained. How much water was in the decanter? (6 glasses)
Lesha had 4 red flags, he was given another blue flag. How many flags does Lesha have now? (5)
There were 6 birds sitting on a tree. A hunter came and killed one bird. How many birds are left on the tree? (not a single one flew away, they were scared)
There was one candy in the vase. By evening she was gone. Who took it if there were a cat, fish in an aquarium, grandfather and a moth in the room? (grandfather)
If you eat one plum, what remains? (bone)
Two trains arrived in Moscow at the same time - fast and passenger. The passenger was driving slower. Which train left first? (passenger)
Birds flew across the sky: a sparrow, a dragonfly, a swallow and a bumblebee. How many birds were there in total? (2)
A squirrel threw a pine cone at the bear from the tree and hit him on the forehead. How many cones are there? (2)
Anya, Masha and Dasha live on different floors of a three-story building. On which floor does each girl live if it is known that Anya does not live on the second, Masha does not live on the second or third? (Masha on the first, Dasha on the second, Anya on the third)
Three boys walked along the road and found three rubles. How many would each of them find if he went alone? (3)
Three, three, three, three, three - what will happen? (hole)
Two friends played checkers for four hours. How many hours did each player play? (4)
There were 5 ducks swimming on the lake, the hunter shot and killed one. How many ducks are left? (none of them all flew away)
How many ears do three mice have? (6)
Only four logs can be loaded onto the machine. How many times do you need to go to the forest to remove nine logs? (3)
The heel had nine balls. Kanga came and took away four balls, then Tiny came and took away five balls. What's left for the heel? (0)
There were 10 chairs in the room on which 10 boys sat. 10 girls came in, and they all found a chair. How could this happen? (gave in)
Two friends came to Masha, and she had two apples. “Take,” says Masha, “a whole apple, and give me half.” Did Masha share honestly?
Along the path, 10 trees grow one after another, between which there are benches. How many benches are there in total? (9)
How many times must the bear cub cut the log so that he gets 4 logs? (3)
A grandmother was walking to Moscow, and three old men met her. Every old man has a bag, and every bag has a cat. How many living beings went to Moscow? (one grandma)

You are the pilot of a plane flying from Paris to Moscow with a landing in Kyiv. Flight time is two hours. How old is the pilot? (how old are you if you are a pilot)
When the goat turns 6 years old, what happens? (going to 7th year)
In a clearing by the river

May beetles lived

Daughter, son, father and mother

45. The starling laid one egg every day. How much did she lay in 7 days? (7)

46 . Grandma Dasha has a granddaughter Masha, a cat Fluff, and a dog Druzhok. How many grandchildren does grandma have? (one granddaughter Masha).

47. There is a tub against the wall, and in that tub there is a frog. If there were 7 tubs, how many frogs would there be? (possibly none).

48. How to cut a square in order to add 2 new squares from the resulting parts?

49. Birds flew over the river: a pigeon, a pike, two tits, two swifts and five eels. How many birds? Answer quickly! (5, the rest are fish).

50. 7 candles were burning, two candles went out. How many candles are left? (2, the rest burned down).

51. There is a cat sitting in each of the 4 corners of the room. Opposite each of the cats sits 3 cats. How many cats are there in this room? (4).

52. A flock of ducks was flying, one in front and two behind, one between two and three in a row. How many ducks were flying? (3).

53. Kolya and Masha had the same number of notebooks. Kolya gave two of his notebooks to Masha. How many more notebooks does Masha have than Kolya? (For 4)

54. How many ears do three mice have? (6)

55. How many paws do two bear cubs have? (8)

Valentina Rozhkova
Logic problems for older preschool children

September. 1 year of study.

1st week: - Think and decide: Who will swim to the shore faster - a duck or chickens?

What is the best and fastest way to pick a watermelon from a tree? (watermelon does not grow on a tree).

2nd week:

There were children's books on the shelf. The dog ran up, took one book, then another, then two more. How many books will she read? (Not at all. Dogs can't read)

There are 3 branches on an oak tree, on each branch there are 3 apples. How many apples are there in total? (Apples do not grow on oak trees.)

3rd week:

Who will reach the flower faster - a butterfly or a caterpillar?

There were 3 carrots and 4 apples in the plate. How many fruits were in the plate? (4 apples. Carrots are not a fruit, but a vegetable)

The cat Murka gave birth to puppies: one black and two white. How many puppies does Murka have? (None. The cat has kittens.)

4th week:- Who is the best in your family? senior? Who's the shortest? Who is taller - father or mother? Who older than you? Who is taller than you, but shorter than mom?

Three sparrows sat on the water. One flew away. How much is left? (sparrows do not sit on water).

- A colorful wheel is rolling: one corner is red, the other is green, the third is yellow. When the wheel reaches the edge of the table, what color will be visible? (None. The wheel has no corners)

October. 1st year of study.

1st week.

- They were on the shelf: pyramid, tumbler, teapot and doll. How many toys are on the shelf? (Three. The teapot is the dishes).

How many ends does a stick have? Two sticks?

2nd week:

A rooster and a hen were walking around the yard. A rooster has two legs, and a chicken has four.

How many feet were walking around the yard? (-The chicken has 2 legs, not four).

How many chickens did a rooster hatch if he laid 5 eggs?

(Not at all. Roosters don't lay eggs)

Who will moo louder - a rooster or a cow? (Roosters don't moo)

3rd week:

Marina and Tanya drank different juices - apple and grape. Marina did not drink apple juice. What juice did Tanya drink?

Katya and Lena painted with paints and pencils. Katya did not draw with paints. What did Lena draw with?

Mom has a cat Fluffy, a daughter Dasha and a dog Sharik. How many mother's children?

4th week:

Kostya and Artem were wearing different jackets colors: blue and green. Kostya was not wearing a blue jacket. What color jacket was Artem wearing?

One banana falls from the tree every minute. How many of them will fall in 5 minutes?

November. 1st year of study.

1st week.

How to use two sticks to form a square on the table?

Grandma has a granddaughter Masha, a cat Fluff, and a dog Druzhok. How many grandchildren does grandma have?

2nd week:

How to form a triangle on the table using only one stick?

The cat Vaska and his owner are sitting in a boat. The owner casts a fishing rod and sentences: “Catch, little fish, big - very big”. And Vaska slowly mutters: “- Little catch, little one”. Why did he say that?

3rd week:

Bought for one ruble, paid two rubles. How much change will they give?

Little Penguin Pinguin felt cold and jumped up 6 times to warm up. His brother Gwin also decided to warm up and jumped 4 times. Who's cold stronger: Pin or Gwin?

4th week:

You, me, you and me. How many of us are there?

Logic problems, mathematics problems.

Logic problems.

1. Sasha ate a large and sour apple. Kolya is big and sweet. What is the same and what is different in apples?
2. Masha and Nina looked at the pictures. One in a magazine, the other in a book. Where did Nina look if Masha didn’t look in the magazine?

3. Tolya and Igor were drawing. One is a house, the other is a branch with leaves. What did Tolya draw if Igor did not draw the house?

4. Alik, Vanya and Vova lived in different houses. Two houses had 3 floors, one had 2 floors. Alik and Borya lived in different houses, Borya and Vova also lived in different houses. Who lived where?

5. Kolya, Vanya and Seryozha were reading books. One is about travel, another is about war, the third is about sports. Who read about what, if Kolya didn’t read about war and sports, and Vanya didn’t read about sports?

6. Zina, Lisa and Larisa were embroidering. One is leaves, the other is birds, the third is flowers. Who embroidered what if Liza didn’t embroider leaves and birds, and Zina didn’t embroider leaves?

7. The boys Slava, Dima, Petya and Zhenya planted fruit trees. One is apple trees, the second is pears, the third is plums, the fourth is cherries. Who planted what, if Dima is not plum trees, apple trees and pears, Petya is not pears and apple trees, and Slava is not apples?

8. Two girls planted trees, and one - flowers. What did Tanya plant if Sveta and Larisa and Marina and Tanya planted different plants?

9. Three girls drew two cats and a hare. What did Asya draw if Katya and Asya and Lena and Asya drew different things?

10. Two boys bought stamps, one bought a badge and one bought a postcard. What did Kolya buy if Zhenya and Tolya and Tolya and Yura bought different things, and Misha bought a badge?

11. Two boys lived on one street, and two on another. Where did Petya and Kolya live, if Oleg and Petya and Andrey and Petya lived on different streets?

Serious challenges