Are brown pigment spots on a child’s body dangerous? Pigment spots on the body of a child: causes and treatment Pigment spots in newborns: causes

Pigment spots on the body of children are a common phenomenon, and the whole point is a change in the color of the skin pigment - melanin; this failure can occur for various reasons. Spots can be congenital or acquired; they can disappear over time or, conversely, increase in size. This is a kind of cosmetic flaw that interferes with living in a modern society that is strict about beauty, especially for the female sex.

Such age spots in a child alarm parents, because they want to see their baby beautiful and healthy. But you must understand that not every age spot is harmful to health or indicates internal pathology. Let's look at this in this article.

Pigmentation: what is it?

The human skin is the most important protective mechanism that protects the body from rapid drying out, the entry of microorganisms, and other harmful factors and, of course, provides an aesthetically beautiful appearance.

In these processes, the skin color pigment, melanin, plays an important role, and it is its failures and accumulation on the skin that are called pigmentation. What reasons could cause a malfunction of such an important substance? In order to talk about a problem with accuracy, you first need to know it in person. In normal cases, the spot has a brown or pinkish color, smooth rounded edges.

The sizes can be very different and even merge into one large area. A dermatologist can easily determine the presence of a problem by their grouping, since pigment spots usually accumulate in one specific place.

Most often, this problem occurs and develops with age. But why do young children suffer?

Age spots in children: causes

Have you discovered a problem in the form of age spots on your children's skin? Experts divide the reasons why this cosmetic defect manifests itself into two main groups:

congenital;
acquired.

The first category includes the child's genetic predisposition. If one of the parents had such a defect, then it may well be passed on to the baby. Congenital pigmentation may also appear due to disturbances during childbirth.

Acquired factors

Pigment spots in children under one year of age can also appear due to the presence of diseases of internal organs or environmental factors, especially with prolonged influence.

Pigmentation can be caused by:

intestinal or stomach diseases;
injuries of various types;
metabolic disorders;
a sharp imbalance in climate or food intake;
use of medications;
disruptions or other hormonal imbalances.

Types of pigmentation

Small children, including infants, may have the following types of age spots:

hemangioma;
coffee stains;
a kiss from a stork;
nevus;
Mongolian spot;
kisses of the sun.

In some cases, doctors advise removing pigment spots from a child, but often there is no such need. Therefore, it is important to notice the problem in time and consult a specialist; only he will be able to correctly determine the nature and type of neoplasm.

What is hemangioma?

This spot is pink or red in color. It differs from pigmentation in that it is not a cluster of pigment cells, but a benign tumor. It is formed when blood vessels are damaged and often occurs in children under six months of age. If you pay attention to the statistics of medical experts, girls are more likely to develop hemangioma.

The reasons for its growth are simple - a violation during the development of the fetus in the womb, or more precisely, during the formation of the circulatory system or during labor of the mother.

In more than 80% of cases, hemangioma goes away by 6-7 years, and the remaining 20% may develop further in the transition period, this factor depends on changes in hormonal levels.

Such spots can appear not only on the skin of the face, but also on internal organs. This is their danger, because it can lead to damage or malfunction of the body's systems. If a child has a red pigment spot on the face, stomach or back of the head, immediately consult a doctor and get examined.

Is treatment required or not?

It is better to remove this aesthetic defect in the following cases:

rapid growth of the tumor, visible to the naked eye;
change in color or shape of the spot;
bleeding from hemangioma.

Treatment has two types: conservative and surgical. Surgical procedures are performed only in the presence of risk factors and after three months after birth.

You can also remove pigmentation using the following methods:

freezing with liquid nitrogen;
quinine injections;
radiation therapy;
cauterization with electrodes.

What is a nevus, is it dangerous?

Nevus also has another more understandable name - mole. But, as you know, moles are dangerous because a harmless spot can change in a matter of days and turn into a malignant tumor. That is why various skin defects need to be examined and constantly monitored.

If the nevus begins to change shape, size or color, or if hair or nodes appear from it, you need to consult a doctor and conduct a full medical examination.

The reasons that triggered the growth of moles could be the baby’s genetic predisposition or problems with the endocrine system. The doctor determines the nature and rate of growth and, based on this, prescribes conservative or surgical treatment.

Kisses of the sun

Another name for this defect is freckles; they appear in children over one year of age if there is a genetic predisposition on the part of relatives. These spots are slightly darker than the skin color.

The most interesting thing is that in the summer, when the epidermis is exposed to large quantities of ultraviolet radiation, they darken, and in winter they lighten. These genetic defects can affect not only the forehead, nose and chin, but also the shoulders, back and legs.

Previously, people with such an aesthetic feature were considered to come from the lower strata of the population, but in our time it is simply an individual trait of a person that makes him special and more attractive. The sun's kisses in many cases begin to lighten and disappear by the age of 25.

But among the “bright people” there are those who are dissatisfied with their appearance, especially the female gender.

To remove freckles, methods are used that will help you become more confident:

using folk recipes at home;
special whitening in beauty parlors or salons;
freezing with liquid nitrogen;
exfoliation of the skin using chemicals;
laser therapy;
application of light waves.

Before you decide to take drastic measures, you must think everything through carefully, because any of the methods has a traumatic effect on the skin layers of the epidermis, which in turn can lead to irreversible consequences, for example, scars.

A child's skin is the same protective barrier from the outside world as an adult's. Pigmentation in a child is an indicator of some harmful effect. The skin is the largest human organ, and it can also get sick. Spots are congenital - children are born with them. Acquired defects arise as the baby grows older. In this article we will talk about the types of spots that occur in children, the causes of their occurrence and treatment methods.

The peculiarity of newborn skin is that the stratum corneum of the epidermis is still very thin. Blood vessels, tissue fluids and lymph form in the skin, so its protective functions are not fully active. Melanin is a pigment that plays a role in determining skin color. Melanin is produced by special cells called melanocytes. Depending on the external or internal influence of factors, they work in an enhanced mode. Then hyperpigmentation appears on the child’s skin. This is a protective reaction of the skin, which is activated due to a number of reasons:

Heredity - the presence of a large number of moles and other pigmented areas on the body of relatives suggests their development in the heirs.
Hormonal imbalance in the expectant mother during pregnancy.
The impact of unfavorable factors on a pregnant woman’s body - solar insolation, irradiation, chemical poisoning, work in hazardous industries, sudden climate change.
Diseases of the genitourinary system.
Genetic diseases, where pigmentation acts as a symptom-indicator of the presence of the disease.

Excess pigment, or hypermelanosis, can be epidermal (then the spot will be brown) or intradermal (then the color of the formation will be lilac, bluish). In children in the neonatal period, skin defects in the form of spots are often a symptom of hereditary diseases:

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome- a pathology of a hereditary nature. Pigment spots affect the lips, skin around the eyes, anus and palms. Pigmentation of this type indicates polyposis on the intestinal mucosa. Complications lead to malignant tumors.
Neurofibromatosis type 1- transmitted from parents to children, regardless of the sex of the child. The skin is affected by spots from birth or early in life. Lesions are located on the trunk or limbs. Over time, age spots do not lose color and do not disappear without treatment. The second sign of the disease is freckles in the armpits and popliteal cavities. The disease develops with the child, and with age-related changes, tumor formations appear on the skin. They affect the human nervous system and motor system.
Poikiloderma- hereditary disease. Symptoms appear in babies from 3-5 months. First, the blood vessels of the skin of the face, neck, and limbs begin to overflow. Then, at this place, atrophy of the skin, changes in pigmentation, and blood flow occur.

It should be remembered that pigment formations can transform into a malignant tumor - melanoma.

Types of hyperpigmentation in newborns

Darkening of areas of the skin can be caused by excess melanin or other reasons:

Freckles. Everyone is familiar with such brown or yellowish spots on the face. They appear in children with fair skin starting from two to three years of age. Red-haired children are prone to severe shedding on the face, neck and shoulders.
Moles. Scientifically called melanocytic nevi. Almost every person has birthmarks on their body. Essentially, a mole is a collection of melanin cells in one place.
Hemangiomas or vascular nevi. Changed blood vessels accumulate and protrude on the surface of the skin in the form of multiple nodules. Locations include the face, but are also found on the body and limbs. The color ranges from pink to burgundy; when the child cries strongly, the nevi darken.

Telangiectasia. Spider veins were previously diagnosed only in adults. Now they occur in children, and even in newborn babies. The expanded capillary network shines through the child’s thin skin, which becomes almost invisible with age. Girls are more often affected; the places of manifestation are the forehead, cheeks, back of the head and scalp.

Coffee stains. These light brown spots can be found on your baby's skin from birth. They cannot be felt; the pigment is located inside the surface of the dermis. Pigmented areas may become equal to the base color of the epidermis within a few months, or may remain for life.
Mongoloid spots. They can be detected after birth on the baby’s lower back, buttocks or in the sacral area. They got their name because of the race of the disease. 90% of Mongolian children are born with such defects, but as they grow older they disappear. In Europeans, the pathology is rare - literally in 5%. The spots are benign formations; when pressed with a finger, they do not lose color.

"Flaming" nevus. It received the popular name “port-wine stains” due to its external similarity - clearly defined red formations of irregular shape. Skin pathology occurs in the womb. The spot grows with the child, but does not bring any discomfort to its owner, except for cosmetic reasons.

Congenital giant nevus- a congenital dark brown spot that grows with the baby. It is called giant because its size can reach up to 40 cm. Dark spots are abundantly covered with hair, which brings additional discomfort to the patient. In addition, this type of age spots leads to the development of cancerous forms. A nevus can be located anywhere on the human body, but most often on the torso and limbs.

Noncellular nevus refers to congenital formations. Brown bumps (noncellular moles) appear on the face and neck of children. They are usually safe; cases of degeneration into malignant forms are very rare.

Types of g ipopigmentation in newborns

The cause of the development of hypomelanosis is a disorder of melanin synthesis due to the absence of melanocytes in the skin. May manifest as the following pathologies:

Albiniz- disappearance of coloring pigment in the skin. Disturbances in pigmentation also occur in the hair and irises of the eyes. The disease is considered genetic, but has not yet been studied. Interestingly, the largest percentage of the disease is in the Negroid race.

Albinism is a congenital pathology (lack of pigment on the skin, hair, eyes)

Vitiligo- white spots that appear at birth or appear in the further development of the baby. Discolored areas are no different from the surrounding skin - they do not stand out, do not peel, and cannot be felt. At first the spots are small, but with age they merge into a larger area. In the sun they do not darken or tan. Vitiligo is classified as a cosmetic defect; it does not affect the child’s health in any way.

Vitiligo - white patches on the skin without pigment

The disease begins in utero and is most often influenced by a hereditary factor. White stripes or waves can be seen already in the first days of the newborn. During adolescence, they become more noticeable or, on the contrary, disappear completely.

Hypomelanosis ito is a sporadic disease, but recessive and dominant inheritance is possible

Skin pigmentation disorders in adolescents

Various irritants can provoke the degeneration of a mole (spot). Among them: increased insolation and constant trauma to the formation (physical, chemical, mechanical).

Over the course of a child's life, the following types of darkening may occur on the skin:

Mastocytosis, or allergic pigmentation. It occurs in paroxysms when encountering a significant allergen. Initially, papules appear, and as the process resolves, dark spots on the skin form on the affected areas. The pathology has been observed since the age of two, most often on the face and scalp. By school age, skin manifestations decrease and disappear altogether.
Borderline pigmented nevus. Pigment spots are localized in the upper layer of the epidermis, mainly on the palms and soles. It has the ability to quickly increase to 1-2 mm per year. When large in size (5-6 mm), it can be modified into a dysplastic nevus with transition to skin cancer.
Intradermal pigmented nevus. It comes in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. It is a benign formation. May be flat or convex. It has a compacted texture and clear boundaries. The surface is either smooth or rough.

Diagnosis and treatment

For differential diagnosis, the following types of studies are used:

Examination with a dermatoscope, which allows you to see any pathology on the skin with multiple magnification.
Study of pigment formations with a Wood's lamp, which uses weak ultraviolet radiation. Melanin absorbs ultraviolet light well, so areas with a high pigment content appear darker, while areas with less pigment appear lighter.
In doubtful cases, computer diagnostics of moles is carried out using a videodermoscope.
Tissue biopsy with histological examination. Finding cells with signs of proliferative growth is a good time to consult an oncologist.
The treatment tactics for pigmented formations, if they do not cause any physical or aesthetic discomfort, consist of dynamic observation. Lightening and whitening external agents for removing areas of pigmentation in children are practically not used.
Most medications contain hormones or chemicals that are harmful to the baby. After the doctor's permission, spots on a child over 6-7 years old can be treated with parsley, cucumber or lemon juice.
If a decision is made to eliminate the pathological formation, the method of destruction is selected individually.
Surgical removal involves excision of the affected area with a scalpel. The tissues are sent for histological examination. After the operation, scars and cicatrices remain. If malignant degeneration of a pigmented formation is suspected, it can only be removed surgically
Cryotherapy, when destruction is carried out by ultra-low temperatures. Liquid nitrogen causes instant freezing and necrosis of pathological tissues. Used to remove small vascular tumors - hemangiomas - in children. After cryodestruction, an inconspicuous spot remains. Damaged tissues are completely regenerated after six months.
Electrocoagulation is a method of eliminating a skin defect using high-frequency currents. The manipulation is painful and requires the use of anesthesia. Rarely used in children.
Laser therapy. Small moles and spots are removed instantly using a laser beam. This method allows you to accurately calculate the depth of action and the diameter of the beam, so as not to injure healthy skin. Use only for benign neoplasms.
Radio wave method. The device is equipped with a tungsten filament that produces high-frequency waves. Pathologically altered tissues are cut away to healthy skin. Epithelization occurs quickly, sometimes leaving a cosmetic scar.

Prevention

Pigment spots in newborns are a reason to consult a doctor. Only an experienced specialist can determine whether this is a simple formation that does not cause harm to the child, or a skin manifestation of a serious disease.

There is no specific prevention of the formation of hyperpigmentation foci. It is recommended to follow the following rules:

Protect the skin from excessive exposure to solar radiation.
Avoid visiting solariums.
See a dermatologist.
Protect skin from injuries, chemicals and other aggressive substances.

If you find moles on your child’s body, dark spots that differ in color from the surrounding skin, you should not panic. Everyone has such formations, and only in rare cases are they dangerous.

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Pigment spots in a child appear as a result of a disruption in the production of melanin; they can be congenital or acquired. As a rule, they do not pose a danger and go away as the child grows older. But sometimes they grow in size and require a certain method of therapy.

What are pigment spots in children?

Children more often develop the following types of pigmentation:

hemangiomas;
moles;
freckles.

Age spots in a child, as a rule, do not pose a danger, but it is important to monitor their changes

The first type is vascular skin formations that have a reddish or bluish tint. Hemangiomas usually appear on the face, but they can appear on the abdomen, legs, and back. Such formations appear due to the pathology of the development of vascular tissue.

Sometimes they are just a small red dot that does not bother the baby at all. But sometimes its size begins to increase, causing concern to parents.

Moles, also called nevi, are common to 90% of the entire population.

These are irregularly formed areas on the surface of the skin that come in different shapes, sizes and shades. Often, moles on a child’s body appear due to a genetic factor - if one of the child’s relatives has a lot of such pigmentation, then they can appear all over the body.

Freckles are recognized by doctors as congenital age spots, which can only be cured by bleaching the surface of the skin. Such age spots on a child’s face become lighter in winter, and in spring they appear again in all their glory.

Do areas of pigmentation need special attention?

Pigmentation spots located on any part of a child’s skin do not require any special care. But they need to be watched carefully. If pigmentation spots do not cause concern to the child, do not increase in size, or change their color to a more intense one, they do not pose a danger. There is no need to remove them.

Reading time: 6 min.

Melanin is a natural pigment, the amount of which determines the color of the skin, hair and eyes. If any disturbances occur in the body, a pigment spot may appear in a certain area of the skin - an area of hyper- or hypopigmentation. Pigment spots occur especially often in infants and preschool children. In order to understand the causes of this phenomenon and understand how dangerous such changes in skin color are, you need to know what types of age spots there are and what consequences they can entail.

Pathological skin pigmentation can result from exposure to exogenous (external) and endogenous (internal) factors. Today, doctors have identified several dozen reasons why a child may develop a pigment spot. These include:

genetic predisposition. Some features of melanin metabolism can be inherited, which leads to the appearance of excessive pigmentation in a child. According to statistics, if parents have pigment spots, then with a probability of more than 60% they will appear in their children.
hypovitaminosis and insufficient intake of minerals from food. As a rule, hypovitaminosis is observed in the winter-spring period; sometimes a lack of vitamins may occur if the child is bottle-fed.
immunodeficiencies (congenital and acquired). With pathologies of the immune system, melanocytes can be destroyed under the influence of their own antibodies - this leads to the appearance of areas of depigmentation.
chronic diseases of internal organs. Severe intoxication, diseases of the digestive, cardiovascular, endocrine and nervous systems can lead to disruption of melanin synthesis.
intrauterine pathologies of the circulatory system;
hormonal imbalances during the mother's pregnancy, bad habits, allergic reactions and sexually transmitted diseases - all this affects the development of the child and can lead to hyperpigmentation or a lack of melanin in the future;
prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation. If the skin is exposed to such radiation for a long time, the body synthesizes a large amount of melanin as a compensatory reaction.
mechanical, physical and chemical irritants acting on the skin from the outside. In newborns, the skin is especially sensitive to chemical compounds contained in household chemicals, as well as cosmetic care products. Excessive pressure on the skin, friction, and exposure to low or high temperatures can also cause pigment spots to appear.

Each of the above factors can play a decisive role in the development of age spots. The risk group includes children suffering from congenital defects, premature newborns and infants with other skin diseases. If a child has pigment spots, it is necessary to contact a pediatrician who will examine the skin and draw a conclusion about what type of pathological pigmentation this formation belongs to.

The main types of age spots

There are several types of pigment spots in a child, each of them looks different and has its own characteristics of course and therapy. The main types of pathological pigmentation are:

nevi (moles). These are small round formations with smooth edges, which can be either dark or light. Nevi appear either during fetal development or in the first few years of life. It often happens that such formations are not observed in infants, but by the age of 3 several small moles appear in 95% of children.
ephelides (freckles). These are small areas of hyperpigmentation that appear in the spring (when the skin is exposed to UV radiation). Most often they are localized on the face, neck, shoulders and back. They may decrease on their own during the cold season and go away with age.
hemangiomas. This is a red spot that can be localized on any part of the body. Its appearance is due to the fact that in a certain place the vessels grow too much.
Mongolian spots. Observed in children of the Mongoloid race, they look like small hemorrhages and disappear on their own after a few years.
medial spots of newborns. These are small spots that are located on the back of the head or neck. They are pale pink in color, but may turn red during physical or mental stress (for example, during physical activity or while crying, breastfeeding). They disappear without a trace after 6-24 months.
telangiectasia. This is a persistent and constant expansion of subcutaneous vessels (capillaries, arterioles, venules). It occurs as a result of difficult labor and is often observed in premature babies.
warty neoplasms. They are usually gray or light brown in color, are very rare and, if the skin is extensively affected, require surgical intervention.
Setton's nevus. This is a large nevus, around which hypopigmentation is observed (like vitiligo).

All age spots should be constantly under the close attention of parents and doctors. If a mole or nevus quickly enlarges, the edges become uneven and asymmetrical - this is a reason for an urgent visit to a medical institution. Consulting a doctor will help determine the type of pigment spot, carry out a differential diagnosis with other skin lesions (for example, infectious or allergic origin), and also take the necessary treatment measures, if necessary.

Age spots in children: main complaints and symptoms

The main complaint that parents make when contacting a pediatrician is pigmentation disorders (excessive pigmentation or depigmentation - white spots on the skin). In most cases, this condition does not bother the child or disturb his condition, however, this does not mean that it is not necessary to monitor the development and progression of the pigment spot.

Nevi, moles and other conditions with symptoms of pathological pigmentation are localized, usually on the face, neck or torso - these are the areas of the body that are most susceptible to adverse environmental factors (including insolation with UV rays). Pigment spots often appear on the arm or leg. The color of these areas of the skin may vary: pink, bright red, brown, and black pigment spots are observed. Often, the color and size of the area with impaired pigmentation is one of the main diagnostic signs.

Some types of pigmentation disorders (such as freckles or medial newborn spots) appear in clusters. In most cases, age spots are round or oval in shape with smooth edges. With some types of hyperpigmentation, dryness and flaking of the skin near the pigment spot may occur.

Diagnosis of age spots: what examinations are necessary in this case?

If signs of illness are detected, you should immediately consult a doctor. The pediatrician can refer the child to a consultation with a dermatologist, as well as other specialized specialists - this is necessary in order to exclude all possible concomitant pathologies of internal organs.

At the initial appointment, the dermatologist conducts a questioning and collects an anamnesis - during these procedures, he finds out how long ago the pigment spot appeared, how it developed, and whether there are any other disorders in the general condition of the child. The dermatologist also collects allergy and family history (this is necessary to exclude possible genetic diseases, as well as other skin diseases). After this, the doctor conducts an examination: assesses the size, location, shape, color, symmetry of the formation, and the nature of its edges. If necessary, dermatoscopy is performed.

If it is not possible to accurately differentiate a pigment spot from infectious or allergic skin diseases, a specialist can take scrapings from the skin and do a biopsy. Sometimes it is also necessary to conduct laboratory tests such as a complete blood count and urine test (these tests will help the doctor determine the child's health status).

In 90% of cases, after consulting a specialist, parents do not need to take any radical measures. If the spot is evenly colored, has smooth, clear edges, is symmetrical, and does not exceed 5-7 mm in diameter, then you just need to observe this formation.

Parents are advised to monitor the condition of the spot monthly and also measure it - if it suddenly begins to increase, they should contact the clinic. Pediatricians also advise covering the area of hyperpigmentation with clothing while walking (especially in spring and summer). Under no circumstances should you cover a mole with a band-aid - this can aggravate its condition and speed up its growth. You also need to explain to the child that the mole cannot be touched, but if damage occurs, you need to urgently consult a doctor. Also, constant itching, burning and discomfort in the area of hyperpigmentation should be a signal to contact a specialist.

Surgery

It is possible to remove or lighten a stain using traditional and folk methods only after consulting a doctor. Surgical treatment can be done either with a laser or by radical excision. As a rule, with a small lesion, the doctor selects an individual course of laser therapy. During this procedure, the rays of the device act on the skin, making the pigment lighter. When excising a birthmark, all affected layers of skin are locally removed, and the material obtained during the operation is sent for histological examination. Based on its results, one can judge whether the neoplasm is benign or malignant.

Application of whitening creams

Almost all creams for age spots contain components that cannot be used before the age of 12-14 years, so their use is not recommended. In adolescence, the use of whitening creams based on milk proteins, niacinamide and betaine is allowed.

Most modern whitening creams not only lighten age spots, but also intensively moisturize the skin, normalize melanin production, and protect the epidermis from exposure to ultraviolet radiation. It is necessary to apply medicinal cosmetics in courses, between which it is necessary to take breaks. Whitening creams should be selected by a specialist on an individual basis.

The advantage of unconventional methods of therapy is, first of all, that they can be used to treat age spots in childhood. They are also quite cheap, and sometimes all the ingredients can be found in the refrigerator. The following are recognized as the most effective traditional medicine:

Despite the fact that some folk remedies have been used for several millennia, individual hypersensitivity reactions cannot be ruled out. Therefore, before using any method of alternative medicine, you must consult your doctor. More effective traditional medicine recipes.

What does Dr. Komarovsky say: are age spots dangerous?

The famous pediatrician, Dr. Komarovsky, has repeatedly touched upon the topic of moles, vitiligo and other pigmentation disorders in childhood in his speeches. The doctor says that areas of hyperpigmentation need to be treated with special caution - because cancer cells can develop in them. But this is not a reason to immediately remove moles if they appear. Komarovsky says that the best way to prevent skin cancer (melanoma) is to constantly monitor the condition of nevi. A well-known doctor insists on a monthly examination of the skin, and moles in hard-to-reach places (in the groin folds, armpits, on the scalp) should not be ignored. In order to remember the main signs that it is time to see a doctor, the doctor suggests examining each mole using the ACORD algorithm. This is an abbreviation that stands for:

asymmetry (should not be observed);
the edges of the mole (should be clear and even);
color (the mole should be uniform);
size (“safe” nevi in diameter do not exceed 6-7 mm);
dynamics (rapid progression and growth should not be observed).

If a child has a tendency to develop age spots, you need to keep a notebook in which you write down all the data about each mole every month. If you do this regularly and carry out proper examination, you can detect skin cancer in the early stages.

Pigment spots in children are a cosmetic defect, but, in most cases, it does not cause any inconvenience. Often, in order to avoid the progression of tumors and the appearance of complications, it is enough to monitor their condition, undergo timely examinations by a pediatrician, and also protect the skin from the sun and other irritating environmental factors.