Position of Friday Jumuah prayer. Friday prayer

Friday ( Al-jum'a) is a holy day for Muslims. On this holiday, men must ( fard) performing Friday prayers. The Holy Quran says:

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِي لِلصَّلَاةِ مِن يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللهِ

وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُون. فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانتَشِرُوا

فِي الْأَرْضِ وَابْتَغُوا مِن فَضْلِ اللهِ وَاذْكُرُوا اللهَ كَثِيراً لَّعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ

“O you who believe! When the azan is proclaimed for Friday prayer, then rush to remember Allah diligently, leaving trade. After all, what is commanded to you , It's better for you if you know. And when the prayer is completed, then disperse throughout the earth and seek the mercy of Allah, remember Allah often , – h that you may be saved" .

Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

“Whoever believes in Allah and the Day of Judgment, for himFridaynamaz(al-jum'a)iscompulsory (fard) except travelers, slaves, children, women and the sick.".

“If one of you is going to perform Friday prayers, let him performcomplete ablution (ghusl) » .

“Whoever on Friday, having performed ablution, comes toFridaynamaz(al-jum'a) and will silently listen to the sermon, sins from one will be forgiventh Fridayuntil nextthFridaysand in 3 more days".

“If (a person) commits on Fridaysmallablution(voodoo) , it will be good if someone performs a complete ablution(ghusl), ThatThisbetter".

Friday prayer ( al-jum‘ A) consists of 4 rak'ahs of sunnah, 2 rak'ahs of fard and 4 rak'ahs of sunnah.

Abdullah ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, reports that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, before and after the fard of Friday prayer ( jum'a) read 4 rakyaats of the sunnah and did not divide the rakyaats among themselves (i.e., did not read two rakyaats each).

“I swear, either people will stop skipping Friday prayers,or Allah will seal their hearts, after which they will certainly be among the despised.”.

Friday prayer ( al-jum'a) is performed on Friday during the midday prayer ( az-zuhr) and replaces it. Friday prayer ( al-jum‘ A) is performed only collectively.

Friday prayer ( al-jum'a) is mandatory ( fard) For mukallafa– a mentally normal and adult Muslim. In addition, there are 6 other mandatory conditions:

Man (for women, Friday prayers are not obligatory);
Free from slavery;
Not in transit;
Healthy;
Not blind;
Having healthy legs.

If a person does not meet one of the 6 conditions listed above, then performing Friday prayers ( Jum‘ A) not necessary. But if he performs Friday prayer, then this prayer is counted towards him. A person who has not performed Friday prayer must perform midday prayer ( az-zuhr).

Conditions for correct executionFriday ( al-jum 'A):

Performed during midday prayer ( az-zuhr);
Reading a sermon before prayer ( KhutbA);
A place where people gather to perform Friday prayers ( al-Jum'A) prayer must be open to everyone;
The presence of at least three men, in addition to the imam;
The imam must have permission to perform Friday prayers ( al-Jum‘ A) from the religious leadership of Muslims in a given area;
Friday prayer ( al-dzhum‘ A) namaz must be performed in a populated area.

PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING FRIDAY NAMAZ ( AL- JUMM‘ A)

After the first call ( adhan) for Friday prayers, 4 rakyaats of sunnah are performed individually. The intention for this prayer can be formulated as follows: “I intended to perform 4 rakyaats of the sunnah of Friday prayer ( al-jum‘ A) for the sake of Allah." The procedure for performing this prayer is the same as the sunnah of the midday prayer ( az-zuhr).

For Muslims, there is no more sacred and important day than Friday. Jews have Saturday, Christians have Sunday, and Muslims have a fifth day of the week. After all, it was on this day that the Almighty completed the creation of Adam, on this day he settled him in Paradise, on this day he expelled him from there. And on Friday there will be Judgment Day. Therefore, the meaning of Friday prayer in Islam (juma prayer) has a special meaning for every true believer.

Attending the mosque on Friday is compulsory for all adult men. Exceptions are made only for the sick, children, travelers and women. The only reason not to visit the mosque is a natural disaster.

Preparation for prayer

On Friday, there is no more important thing for every Muslim than performing Juma prayer. Therefore, he should put aside trading and all other concerns and concentrate on the spiritual aspect of his life.

In the morning you should wash yourself completely, perfume yourself with incense, put on festive clothes and direct your thoughts to the Almighty. And then, with peace of mind and humility, go to the mosque on foot. Visiting the mosque as early as possible is highly encouraged. Indeed, Allah will reward everyone according to his diligence.

Features of holding Juma prayer

Friday prayer is performed in a mosque or a specially arranged place that is open to everyone. The imam must have special permission to perform juma prayer. The time for Friday prayer coincides with the regular midday prayer (zuhr). It continues until the shadow of the objects becomes equal to their height. If you are late, it is forbidden to disturb or distract those gathered.

Muslim theologians do not have a consensus on the required number of believers during Friday prayers. Hanafi scholars talk about the need for at least 3 people to be present. Shafi'is and Hanbalis insist on 40 worshipers.

There is also no agreement on the question of whether Friday replaces zuhr. Scientists agree when there is only one mosque in a locality. In this case, it is not necessary to perform the Zuhr prayer. If there are more of them, then the interpretations vary.

Hanafi theologians claim that in any case it is enough to perform only Juma prayer. The Shafi'is hold the opposite opinion. According to their regulations, the midday prayer may not be read in only one mosque. Namely, in the one where a certain part of the Friday prayer will be performed some time earlier than the rest in the city. Maliki scholars have a similar point of view. They consider it optional to read the midday prayer in the mosque where the Friday prayer ended earlier than the others. Hanbali theologians allow not to perform the Zuhr prayer where the leader of a city or state is present.

It should be noted that Friday prayer is irreplaceable. If the time for performing it has run out, then the zuhr prayer is read.

Penalty for missing

There is no valid reason for missing Juma'ah prayer except illness, bad weather and travel. This day in the Koran is dedicated to thinking about the soul, praising the Almighty, asking for help and intercession. Thus, this prayer is needed primarily by the believer himself. And whoever misses it three times in a row, Allah will seal his heart. This means that a person slips into unbelief. He had the opportunity to see and hear the truth, but he turned away from it. For this, he is destined for unspeakable torment in his later life.

Sermon

Another feature of Friday prayers is the reading of two sermons by the imam. The first of them concerns current topics for every Muslim in a given region. The second is edifying and instructive in nature.

Every believer is required to listen very carefully and intently. After all, preaching serves to gain spiritual strength and knowledge for believers. She fills his heart and touches the subtle facets of his soul. Reminds me of the eternal and will serve as a moral and ethical guide in all his affairs. Therefore, any conversation during the delivery of a sermon is prohibited. Even a remark addressed to those talking is unacceptable and is considered a sin.

Procedure

There is a clear canon on how to perform Friday prayers. It consists of four rak'ahs of sunnah, two rak'ahs of fard and four more rak'ahs of sunnah being recited in succession.

Four rak'ahs of the sunnah:

After the first azan (call to prayer), everyone says “salavat” and reads the traditional prayer. Afterwards, the niat (intention) is pronounced about reading the four rakats of the sunnah of Friday prayer. The sequence of their performance is the same as that of the midday prayer. They are performed by each believer independently.
At the end, it is time for the first sermon. The imam ascends the minbar and greets the believers. The second adhan is pronounced. After its completion, everyone says “salawat” and reads the traditional prayer again. The sermon ends with a prayer to the Almighty and the prayer of the spirit is read.
The second sermon should be shorter than the first. It must be said that on Friday the sermons should be short and the prayers long.

Two rak'ahs of fard:

The iqamat (second call to prayer) is pronounced.
After it comes the niat of performing two rak'ahs of fard. They are performed in the same way as the two fard rakats of the morning prayer. The imam conducts them out loud.

Four rak'ahs of the sunnah:

The traditional niat is pronounced to indicate the completion of four rak'ahs of the sunnah.
After this, the believer prays in the same way as when performing the first four rak'ahs of Friday prayer.
Upon completion, it is advisable to perform tasbihat (praising Allah) together with the imam, without getting up.

Friday prayer in the life of a Muslim

In modern life, a Muslim does not have many opportunities and time to meet with fellow believers to communicate on spiritual and religious topics. Constant worldly worries and the fast pace of life do not give the opportunity to think about something else. And then Friday comes, and every true believer is obliged to think about the mercy of Allah, his place in the world and spiritual development. After all, the soul, like the body, also needs care and care. And Friday prayers in the mosque provide just such an opportunity.

It is very good if, at the end of the prayer, the parishioners do not immediately go home. The communication of believers gives them strength and helps strengthen the entire Muslim community. The entire procedure of Friday prayer is aimed at strengthening faith, acquiring new knowledge and achieving spiritual balance. It is not without reason that it is said that attending Friday prayers atones for all minor sins.

Juma Namaz (Arabic: صلاة الجمعة‎ - Friday prayer) is an obligatory collective prayer for men. It is performed on Friday during noon prayer in mosques. The performance of Juma prayer is prescribed in the Koran:

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِن يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ

“O you who believe! When called for prayer on Friday, then rush to the remembrance of Allah and leave trading. It will be better for you if you only knew..." (Sura 62 Juma, verse 9)

In a hadith from Tariqa ibn Shihab (may Allah be pleased with him) it is reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Performing congregational Friday prayers is an obligation for every Muslim, with the exception of four: a slave, a woman, a child and the sick.” (Abu Dawud 1067, al-Hakim 1/321)

It is worth noting that for those Muslims for whom Friday prayer is not obligatory, they do the usual 4 rakats of zuhr (midday prayer). However, they can participate in Friday prayer and then they, like others who have done it, are relieved of the obligation to perform the obligatory midday prayer. It is not established that a Muslim is required to perform both Friday and noon prayers on the same day. Therefore, after performing Friday prayers, you cannot perform zuhr.

Friday prayer time (Jumah prayer)

The usual time for Friday prayer is the sunset time of the midday (Zuhr) prayer on Friday before the time of Asr. There were cases that the Prophet ﷺ began Friday prayers earlier than this time.

Muslim scholars of all madhhabs are unanimous in the opinion that Juma prayer is imputedinto dutyevery believerto the degree of wajib (in all Sunni legal schools, except Hanafi, this ruling is equivalent to fard).

In His Book, the Lord of the Worlds said the following:

“O you who believe! When you are called to pray on Friday, then strive for the remembrance of Allah...” (62:9)

The final messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.) gave Friday the epithet “lady of all days.” Its majesty is considered greater than even that of two Islamic holidays - Eid al-Adha (Feast of Sacrifice) and Eid al-Fitr (Feast of Breaking the Fast). The corresponding hadith is given in the collection of al-Bayhaki.

Click on this to see the times of Juma prayers in Russian cities.

How to read Friday prayer

1. After the adhan, the person praying usually says dua:

“Allahumma, Rabba hazihi dagwatit-tammati, was-salatil kaa ima’. Ati Muhammadan-il wasilyata wal fadylyata uabgashu makamam-mahmudanillazi uagyadta. Innakya la tuhliful-migad.”

Translation: “O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and prayer that is about to be fulfilled! Give Muhammad the highest position in the Paradise abode, virtue and resurrect him in the most praiseworthy place promised by You. There is no doubt that You will fulfill Your promise.”

2. Having completed the dua, the worshiper stands up to perform the first four rak'ahs. He performs all the actions as in the case of the obligatory daily prayers, which consist of exactly the same number of rak'ahs.

4. At this moment, the muezzin pronounces the second azan and the believers again read the above-described dua prayer to themselves.

5. Then the imam begins to tell the sermon to the parishioners and says. In it, he traditionally pronounces words of praise to the Creator of the worlds, blesses His Final Messenger (s.g.v.) and raises some current topic, explaining it through the prism of the Holy Quran, as well as the Most Pure Sunnah.

6. After the sermon, there are 2 rakats of farda collectively by the entire jamaat and 4 rakats of sunnat.

Features of Juma prayer

For this prayer, in addition to the usual requirements for obligatory prayers (presence of taharat, covering shameful places, direction to Qiybla, etc.), there are additional conditions, for example, in terms of gender representation. This prayer is obligatory for men, but this obligation does not apply to women.

Friday prayer time- the sun must pass the zenith stage until the shadow of objects becomes equal to their height.

Different theological and legal schools set different conditions for the required number of jamaat in order for the prayer to be counted as. According to the Hanafi madhhab, 3 or 5 people are required (some scholars of this theological and legal school talk about 7 believers). Shafi'is and Hanbalis insist on the size of the jamaat at 40 Muslims, including the imam. The Maliki madhhab occupies a middle position - 12 people, excluding the imam.

Juma prayer includes four rakats of sunnat, two rakats of farda and four rakats of sunnat. However, there are some nuances to this issue. The first four rak'ahs are considered important by theologians of each madhhab at the level of sunnah-muakkad. If we are talking about the last four rakats, then the situation is not so clear. The Hanafi, Shafi'i and Hanbali schools also tend to consider the sunnat after two rak'ahs of fard as sunna-muakkad, while the Malikis consider it as a practice of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.), which at times he could abandon.

Is Juma prayer equal to midday prayer?

The opinion of the Ulama of the four madhhabs regarding whether it replaces juma is interesting. There is no single position on this issue. If there is one mosque in a locality, and the entire male population goes there for Friday prayers, then there is no need to read the daily prayer. But in a situation where there are many mosques, the matter takes on the following form.

Hanafi theologians They insist that Juma prayers in all mosques are self-sufficient; there is no need to perform separate zuhr prayers. If a person nevertheless decides to read the midday prayer, he can do so, but not as part of the jamaat. After all, such an action is considered highly condemnable within the Hanafi madhhab (mahruk tahriman).

Shafi'i scholars they think otherwise. In their opinion, the prayer is counted as Friday prayer and does not require a separate addition to its midday prayer only in that mosque, the takbir tahrim of which will be pronounced two rakats of the fard part earlier than others in the city. In this mosque, reciting the Zuhr prayer will be a desirable action (mustahab). However, in other mosques, midday prayer must be performed without fail.

A position similar to that of the Shafi'is is held by theologians. In their opinion, the midday prayer should be read in each of the mosques of a given locality, except for the one where the Friday prayer ended earlier than everyone else.

According to Hanbali scholars, the Juma prayer also completes the midday prayer only if the head of the state or city is present in the jamaat. In other mosques, the Zuhr prayer must be said after the Juma prayer.

There is an opinion that in modern realities the Hanafi madhhab offers the most appropriate point of view on this issue. It is based on the fact that during the life of the Grace of the Worlds Muhammad (s.g.w.) there were not many mosques in the settlements, since the ummah had a small number. In this regard, directly transferring the practice of the first decades of the spread of Islam to today’s everyday life, when there are much more adherents of Islam in large cities, is inappropriate.

Everything about religion and faith - “Friday prayer for a woman” with a detailed description and photographs.

Friday (al-jum'a) is a holy day for Muslims. On this holiday, men must ( fard) performing Friday prayers. The Holy Quran says:

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِي لِلصَّلَاةِ مِن يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللهِ وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُون. فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَابْتَغُوا مِن فَضْلِ اللهِ وَاذْكُرُوا اللهَ كَثِيراً لَّعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ

“O you who believe! When the azan is proclaimed for Friday prayer, then rush to remember Allah diligently, leaving trade. For what is commanded to you is best for you if you know. And when the prayer is completed, then disperse throughout the earth and seek the mercy of Allah, remember Allah often, so that you may be saved.” .

Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

“Whoever believes in Allah and the Day of Judgment, for him the Friday prayer (al-jum’ah) is obligatory (fard), except for travelers, slaves, children, women and the sick.” .

Friday prayer ( al-jum'a) consists of 4 rak'ahs of sunnah, 2 rak'ahs of fard and 4 rak'ahs of sunnah.

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, repeated three times:

“I swear, either people will stop skipping Friday prayers, or Allah will seal their hearts, after which they will certainly be among those who neglect them.” .

Friday prayer ( al-jum'a) is performed on Friday during the midday prayer ( az-zuhr) and replaces it. Friday prayer ( al-jum'a) is performed only collectively.

Friday prayer ( al-jum'a) is mandatory ( fard) For mukallafa– a mentally normal and adult Muslim. In addition, there are 6 other mandatory conditions:

Man (for women, Friday prayers are not obligatory);
Free from slavery;
Not in transit;
Healthy;
Not blind;
Having healthy legs.

If a person does not meet one of the 6 conditions listed above, then performing Friday prayers ( jum'a) not necessary. But if he performs Friday prayer, then this prayer is counted towards him. A person who has not performed Friday prayer must perform midday prayer ( az-zuhr).

Conditions for correct execution of Friday ( al-jum'a):

Performed during midday prayer ( az-zuhr);
Reading a sermon before prayer ( khutbah);
A place where people gather to perform Friday prayers ( al-jum'a) prayer must be open to everyone;
The presence of at least three men, in addition to the imam;
The imam must have permission to perform Friday prayers ( al-jum'a) from the religious leadership of Muslims in a given area;
Friday prayer ( al-jum'a) namaz must be performed in a populated area.

PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING FRIDAY NAMAZ ( AL-JUM'A)

After the first call ( adhan) for Friday prayers, 4 rakyaats of sunnah are performed individually. The intention for this prayer can be formulated as follows: “I intended to perform 4 rakyaats of the sunnah of Friday prayer ( al-jum'a) for the sake of Allah." The procedure for performing this prayer is the same as the sunnah of the midday prayer ( az-zuhr).

After the second call ( adhan) the imam climbs onto the minbar to read the sermon ( khutbahs). After reading the sermon, read Iqamat and collectively perform 2 rak'ahs of fard Friday prayer ( al-jum'a). Those following the imam make the intention: “I intend to perform 2 rak’ahs of the fard of midday prayer ( al-jum'a) behind the imam for the sake of Allah Almighty.” Procedure for performing fard of Friday prayers ( al-jum'a) is the same as the fard of the morning prayer ( al-fajr).

After fard, perform 4 rakyaats of the sunnah of Friday prayer ( al-jum'a), which is performed in the same way as the sunnah of the midday prayer ( az-zuhr). Intention for this prayer: “I intended to perform 4 rakyaats of the sunnah of Friday prayer ( al-jum'a) for the sake of Allah Almighty."

Should a woman perform ghusl on Friday?

Is it obligatory for a woman, if she is going to go to Friday prayer (or pray at home), to perform ghusl (full ablution)?

If women stay at home, how should they perform prayer on Friday - perform the usual Zuhr prayer as soon as its time comes, or wait until the time for Juma prayer in the mosque has passed and then pray?

Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh!

1) Friday is a very significant day for Muslims. Performing ablution (ghusl) on Friday is Sunnah for both men and women. However, this is only a desirable action, and not obligatory, so there will be no sin on those who do not do this (1).

2) Performing Friday prayers for women is not fard. Therefore, on Friday they can perform Zuhr prayer as soon as its time comes, and not wait until the Juma prayer in the mosque ends (2).

And Allah knows best.

Tested and approved by Mufti Ibrahim Desai

All rights reserved. حمه الله هو واجب لقوله عليه الصلاة والسلام: ” من أتى الجمعة فليغتسل ” ول نا قوله عليه الصلاة والسلام: “من توضأ يوم الجمعة فبها ونعمت ومن اغتسل فهو أفضل (الهداية في شرح بداية المبتدي، ج1ص20، دار احياء التراث العربي)

يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ عَلَى كُلِّ مُحْتَلِمٍ، وَسِوَاكٌ، وَيَ مَسُّ مِنَ الطِّيبِ مَا قَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ (صحيح مسلم، ج2ص581، دار إحياء ا لتراث العربي)

أَنَّ أُنَاسًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ جَاءُوا فَقَالُوا: يَا ابْنَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَاجِبًا؟ English نْ لَمْ يَغْتَسِلْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ بِوَاجِبٍ، وَسَأُخْبِرُكُمْ ك َيْفَ بَدْءُ الْغُسْلِ كَانَ النَّاسُ مَجْهُودِينَ يَلْبَسُونَ الص ُّوفَ وَيَعْمَلُونَ عَلَى ظُهُورِهِمْ، وَكَانَ مَسْجِدُهُمْ ضَيِّ ًا مُقَارِبَ السَّقْفِ – إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَرِيشٌ – فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ الل َّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي يَوْمٍ All rights reserved. All rights reserved. اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تِلْكَ الرِّيحَ قَالَ: Worldwide مَسَّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَفْضَلَ مَا يَجِدُ دُهْنِهِ وَطِيبِهِ" ي داود، ج1ص97، المكتبة العصرية)

ثُمَّ غُسْلُ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ لِصَلَاةِ الْجُمُعَةِ أَمْ ليَوِ مِ الْجُمُعَةِ؟ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ: لِيَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ إظْهَارًا لِفَ ضِيلَتِهِ، قَالَ النَّبِيُّ: – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – “سََي ِّدُ الْأَيَّامِ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ" ، .....فَأَمَّا إذَا اغْتَسَلَ يَو ْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَصَلَّى بِهِ الْجُمُعَةَ فَإِنَّهُ يَنَالُ فَضِيل َةَ الْغُسْلِ بِالْإِجْمَاعِ عَلَى اخْتِلَافِ الْأَصْلَيْنِ لِوُج ُودِ الِاغْتِسَالِ وَالصَّلَاةِ بِهِ وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ

ولا تجب الجمعة على مسافر ولا امرأة ولا مريض ولا عبد ولا أعمى (الهداية في شرح بداية المبتدي، ج1ص83، دار احياء التراث العربي)

قَوْلُهُ: وَالظُّهْرُ مِنْ الزَّوَالِ إلَى بُلُوغِ الظِّلِّ مِثْل َيْهِ سِوَى الْفَيْءِ (البحر الرائق شرح كنز الدقائق، ج1ص257، دار الكتاات الإسلامي)

Friday is Muslim day

7 217 November 22, 2013

Friday is a day of obligatory visit to the mosque

This article is devoted to the basic norms and ethics associated with Friday and prayer. The article is written based on the famous modern book on fiqh of the imam's legal school Al-Shafi'i- “Al-Fihku l-manhaji.”

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Friday is the best day on which the sun has ever risen. On this day Adam was created, on this day he was settled in Paradise, on this day he was expelled from Paradise, and the Day of Judgment will come on this day - Friday" ( At-Tirmidhi).

Proof of the Friday Prayer Precept

The prescription of Friday prayer and its obligatory nature are indicated by the Words of Allah Almighty (meaning): “O you who believe! When called to prayer on Friday, rush to the remembrance of Allah and leave trading. It would be better for you, if only you knew” (Surah Gathering, verse 9).

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Friday prayer is obligatory for all Muslims...” ( Abu Daoud). The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) also said: “People should stop neglecting Friday prayers, otherwise Allah will seal their hearts, and then they will become indifferent.” Muslim).

Wisdom of the Friday Prayer Prescription

There is a lot of wisdom and benefit in the prescription of Friday prayer. One of the most important is the weekly meeting of Muslims with each other. They gather for instruction that strengthens their unity and harmony. The Friday meeting, accompanied by the worship of Allah shoulder to shoulder, strengthens the love of Muslims for each other, promotes acquaintances and mutual assistance between people. This meeting also gives them the opportunity to monitor events taking place in the surrounding society.

Therefore, Sharia encourages Muslims to attend Friday prayers and warns against leaving or neglecting them. It is reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Allah will seal the heart of the one who misses the three Friday prayers, neglecting them.”

Conditions for obligatory Friday prayer

Friday prayer is obligatory for everyone who meets the following conditions:

1. Islam. The performance of Friday prayer is not required of a non-Muslim, in the sense that his worship will not be valid without accepting Islam. However, in the next world he will be held accountable for leaving her.

2. Coming of age. Performing Friday prayers is not obligatory for a child.

3. Intelligence. A person who has lost his mind or does not have it is also not obliged to perform Friday prayer.

4. Being male. Performing Friday prayers is not obligatory for a woman.

5. Health. Performing Friday prayers is not obligatory for a patient who, due to pain or illness, finds it difficult to stay in the mosque. Also, the obligation to perform Friday prayer falls off a person if his illness may worsen or his recovery may be delayed. Also, it is not necessary for someone who is looking after or treating a sick person to go to Friday prayers if the sick person needs this person. And it doesn’t matter whether the sick person is a relative of the one who is looking after him or not.

6. Permanent residence in the place where Friday prayers are held. Performing Friday prayers is not obligatory for one who is on a permissible journey (that is, for one who did not leave to commit a sin), even a short one, if he left his city before the morning prayer of Friday and if from the place where he is this person, he does not hear the call to prayer from the city from which he left.

It is also not obligatory to perform Friday prayer for a Muslim who permanently resides in his locality, if it does not have all the conditions for the validity of Friday prayer (they will be discussed below). For example, if there are not forty people in it for whom prayer is obligatory, and the azan is not heard from a nearby settlement.

Conditions for the validity of Friday prayers

If a Muslim meets the seven conditions listed above, performing prayer is obligatory for him. However, it itself will also not be valid, except under four conditions:

1. Friday prayers must be held within a populated area (the location should not go beyond the boundary line of city buildings). And it doesn’t matter whether we are talking about a city or a settlement in which at least forty men permanently live, obligated to perform Friday prayers.

Thus, the prayer will not be valid in a desert steppe, a tent city or a populated area in which there are not forty men required to perform Friday prayer. If the azan is heard there from a neighboring settlement, then people are obliged to go there to perform Friday prayers. Otherwise, the obligation to perform Friday prayers falls away from them.

2. The number of people performing Friday prayer, for whom it is obligatory, should not be less than forty people. We are talking about adult men permanently residing in the locality where Friday prayers are performed. From Jabir ibn Abdullah It is reported that he said: “In accordance with the Sunnah, Friday prayer is performed in the presence of forty or more worshippers.” Also, one of the hadiths says that the first who gathered Muslims and performed Friday prayers with them was As'ad ibn Zirara, and there were forty of them.

3. Friday prayers must be performed during the period during which the obligatory lunch prayers are performed.

Al-Bukhari reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was performing Friday prayers when the sun had passed its zenith, that is, it had deviated towards sunset.

Also narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim from Salami ibn al-Akwa', who said: “We performed Friday prayers together with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and when we dispersed, there were no shadows near the walls in which we could hide.”

It is also reported that Sahl ibn Sa'd said: “We went for midday rest and had lunch only after Friday prayers” (Al-Bukhari, Muslim).

The above hadiths indicate that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prayed only during the obligatory lunch prayer, and at the beginning of this interval.

4. Friday prayers should not be held in one city more times than necessary. In general, it is obligatory for residents of one city to gather for Friday prayers in one place. If the number of people or other circumstances does not allow performing Friday prayers in one place, it is permissible to perform it in as many places as necessary, but no more than that.

Proof of this condition

During the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), the righteous caliphs and the next generation of Muslims, prayer was not held except in one place in the city, which had a large mosque called the Friday mosque. The remaining mosques served to perform the five obligatory prayers.

Al-Bukhari and Muslim reported from Aisha, who said: “On Friday, people walked one after another [to prayer] from their homes [located outside the city’s outskirts].”

The reason (wisdom) for this condition is that Friday prayer in one place is more consistent with the goals for which it was established: the desire for unity of society and a single word addressed to Muslims.

Etiquette for going to Friday prayers

1. Before Friday prayer, you should take a bath (take a bath - ghusl). The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “If you go for Friday prayer, then take a bath” (Al-Bukhari, Muslim).

However, bathing is desirable and not obligatory, according to other words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “Whoever performs ablution on Friday will receive a benefit (do the right thing), but if he bathes, it will be preferable.” Some scientists consider swimming on Friday mandatory.

2. It is advisable for a man to anoint himself with incense. This is indicated by the hadith cited by Al-Bukhari (843). Friday prayers are accompanied by pandemonium, and people should not cause inconvenience to each other related to hygiene and neatness.

3. It is advisable to wear the best clothes for prayer, as indicated by the hadith transmitted Ahmad (3/81).

4. It is advisable to cut your nails and trim your mustache, as indicated by the hadith from Al Bazzara.

5. You should go to prayer as early as possible. This is indicated by the hadith reported by Al-Bukhari (841) and Muslim (850).

6. Upon entering the mosque, you should perform a welcome prayer of two rak'ahs. This is indicated by a hadith reported by Muslim (875).

7. It is forbidden to talk during the khutbah. You cannot even make a remark out loud to someone who is talking during the khutbah, as indicated by the hadith reported by Al-Bukhari (892) and Muslim (851).

General Friday etiquette

Friday is the best day of the week and has its own virtues and ethics. A Muslim should know them, receiving Allah's reward for observing them:

2. On Friday and on Friday night, it is advisable to make dua to Allah Almighty more often. Allah has established a period of time during Friday in which He must answer the dua, as indicated by the hadith reported by Al-Bukhari (893) and Muslim (852).

Abdulmumin Gadzhiev