Upper salda. Verkhnyaya Salda city Verkhnyaya Solda

General information and history

The city of Verkhnyaya Salda is located in the west of the Sverdlovsk region, 120 km from its capital and 25 km from Nizhny Tagil. The Salda River flows through its territory. It is the administrative center of the Verkhnesaldinsky urban district and part of the Nizhny Tagil agglomeration.

The layout of Verkhnaya Salda is typical for Ural industrial cities. The city was built around a metallurgical plant and a technical pond attached to it. The Salda River and the railway divide Verkhnyaya Salda into northern and southern parts.

The history of the city began when in 1759 Elizaveta Petrovna gave the Salda forest dacha to the industrialist Nikita Akinfeevich Demidov, where he built the Nizhne-Saldinsky (metallurgical) plant in 1760, and the Verkhne-Saldinsky (iron-smelting) plant in 1778. On December 6 of the same year, the first cast iron was produced at the Verkhne-Saldinsky plant. It was decided to consider this date as the day of the formation of Verkhnaya Salda, which grew out of the village formed at the Verkhne-Salda plant. At the same time, 80 working families originally from Vyatka, Kostroma and Nizhny Novgorod lands, who had previously worked at Nizhny Tagil factories, were resettled to this village. Then, a little later, people from Novorossiya began to live here. As of 1797, the population of the village of Verkhne-Saldinsky Plant was 996 people.

Already in the 19th century, in 1836, the first wooden church, named in honor of John the Evangelist, was opened in Verkhnyaya Salda; eleven years later, a factory for washing gold-bearing sands began operating, and in 1873, the Isinsky sheet rolling plant began operating. In 1895, a railway connection appeared between Verkhnyaya Salda and Nizhny Tagil. The following year, the stone Church of St. John the Evangelist was consecrated in the village. Ten years later the first library was opened, and in 1916 the railway station was opened.

During the Civil War, when the front line approached the village in 1918, the activities of the Nizhne-Saldinsky plant had to be stopped. Then Verkhnaya Salda was occupied by Kolchak’s troops, who in July 1919 were expelled by Red Army soldiers from the 23rd Verkhnekamsk Regiment of the Special Brigade of the 3rd Army of the Eastern Front.

When Soviet power was already established, a radio and a pioneer organization appeared in the village in 1924. Five years later, Verkhnyaya Salda became a workers' village, and on December 24, 1938 it was given city status.

In the 30s, a plant for metal structures and bridges was opened here, in the construction of which residents of Moscow, Leningrad and other Soviet cities participated, a bakery, a Basyanovsky peat enterprise and a factory rest house.

In the fall of 1941, the steel bridge plant was dismantled, and its equipment was transported to Chelyabinsk. In exchange, one of the metalworking plants near Moscow was evacuated to Verkhnaya Salda. In May of the following year, it was classified as a city of regional subordination.

After the war ended, in the 50s a recreation center named after them appeared in the city. 1 May, a dairy factory, a music school, a sports stadium and intercity communication with neighboring Nizhnyaya Salda. In 1957, planned construction of modern residential buildings began here.

In 1966, the Kedr cinema began operating, and in 1971, the Verkhnesaldinsky Metalworking Plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Seven years later the city itself was awarded, then it was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

In post-Soviet times, in 2007, the Church of St. John the Evangelist, destroyed by the Bolsheviks in the 20s, was restored, and three years later a special economic industrial production zone “Titanium Valley” was created in Verkhnyaya Salda. This name is due to the fact that the VSMPO-AVISMA plant operates in the city, which is a world leader in the production of semi-finished products from titanium alloys for aerospace purposes and a supplier of titanium parts for aircraft manufacturing companies Airbus and Boeing.

Population of Verkhnyaya Salda for 2018 and 2019. Number of residents of Verkhnyaya Salda

Data on the number of city residents are taken from the Federal State Statistics Service. The official website of the Rosstat service is www.gks.ru. The data was also taken from the unified interdepartmental information and statistical system, the official website of EMISS www.fedstat.ru. The website publishes data on the number of residents of Verkhnyaya Salda. The table shows the distribution of the number of residents of Verkhnyaya Salda by year; the graph below shows the demographic trend in different years.

Graph of population changes in Verkhnyaya Salda:

The population of Verkhnyaya Salda in 2017 was 42,733 people, which puts it in 361st place in the list of 1,112 cities in Russia.

Wandering around the Internet in search of interesting information for its website, the site came across one of the forums with the interesting name “Podvalchik”, where a user under the login “Swan” (although the avatar depicts a Belka) sets out in simple colloquial language the past and present of Verkhnaya Salda and a little about Nizhnyaya Salda and neighboring settlements.

At first I just wanted to take some of the information to use in my materials, but then I decided that it would be interesting to leave it “as is,” although I still slightly corrected it. Photos also taken from there.

This material will be especially interesting as general information for guests of Verkhnyaya and Nizhnyaya Salda. The forum itself is located at:

"http://www.podvalchik.ru/index.php?showtopic=4936&st=0"

So, the objects of our research are:

1. the city of Verkhnyaya Salda, with a population of 47.4 thousand people;

2. the city of Nizhnyaya Salda, with a population of 17.9 thousand people, 10 km from Verkhnyaya Salda;

3. ZATO Svobodny, with a population of 10.1 thousand people, 15 km from Verkhnyaya Salda.

In addition, the following settlements are of interest:

The villages of Basyanovsky (Basyanovka) and Shaitansky (Shaitanka);

The village of Nikitino (formerly Cheremshanka);

The villages of Akinfievo and Medvedevo are the oldest settlements of these places, known since the 17th century.

And other interesting places.

You ask me, on what basis did I unite such different settlements? But which one.

In Soviet times, they were a single whole and were part of the Vernesaldinsky district. They were controlled from Verkhnyaya Salda by an bureaucratic staff of fifty people, including 2 cleaners. Until now, the area is served by a general ATP, a bakery, they have the same intercity code (34345) telephone numbers in Verkhnyaya Salda begin with “2” and “5”, and in Nizhnyaya with “3”.

However, if Soviet officials somehow knew how to multiply and add, the current ones only know how to subtract and divide. The Verkhnesaldinsky district was also divided into pieces.

Scary. Secret. Military. The village of Iva turned into ZATO Svobodny. The Siamese twins Verkhnyaya and Nizhnyaya Salda also separated. But they are inextricably linked by a common history to this day.

THIS IS HOW THE UPPER SALDA LOOKED IN THE 19th century.

In 1995, the population of Verkhnyaya Salda was 53.6 thousand people, there were 45 thousand voters. Now there are 41,714 voters. The largest population was in 1990 - 56,000 people, we are now somewhere at the level of 1973, because in 1970 the population was 44.7 thousand people.

I could not find the population of Iva and Nizhnyaya Salda that year, but I remember well that in the 1998 elections to the Legislative Assembly there were 8,000 voters in Iva (now 6,638). In Nizhnyaya Salda there were about 18,000 (now 14,765). The entire population of the Nizhnesaldinsky urban district is now just over 18 thousand people.

So in just 15 years our cities have lost up to 10% of their population! And these are relatively prosperous cities, so what can we say about depressed areas?

The standard of living in Verkhnaya Salda can be judged by this interesting fact. Verkhnyaya Salda ranks 7th (!) in Russia, and first in the Sverdlovsk region in terms of the number of cars per capita. And this is not counting the foreign cars that are registered in Tagil. True, I haven’t seen Maybachs or Hummers in Salda yet, but middle-class cars are still scurrying around. Recently we became acquainted with such a shameful phenomenon of Western life as traffic jams.

Those arriving in the city for the first time will be struck by the incredible number of taxis. Taxi has become a common means of transportation. I haven't taken a bus in recent years. Many city residents prefer to go to work by taxi, so calling a car from 7 to 9 am is very problematic. Now interesting communities have even begun to emerge - each taxi driver has his own clientele of 10-20 people, whom he takes in turn to the place of duty. Such a trip costs, depending on the distance and agency, from 50 to 100 rubles.

So the game is worth the trouble - 10-15 minutes and you’re already at work.

The village of Svobodny is also not in poverty, this suggests that the military received a pay increase. For example, last year (the material was written in 2012) their electricity was turned off for two days (the line was being repaired), so half of the village left and went to Tagil - all the hotels in those days were filled to capacity.

Well, for now the gist of the matter is a little from the history of how Salda was formed.

Actually, the Demidov factories began with the smart, clever and successful Tula gunsmith Nikita Demidov. He attracted the attention of Peter I after he agreed to supply the army with 300 fuses no worse than the German ones for one and a half rubles.

The Nizhnesaldinsky and Verkhnesaldinsky factories were part of the Nizhny Tagil group of factories, which were managed by Nikita’s grandson, Nikita Akinfievich Demidov. He founded them in 1760 and 1778, respectively.

Nikita Akinfievich's grandson, the famous Pavel Nikolaevich Demidov, was already a count. Pavel Nikolaevich loved everything unusual, beautiful and exquisite, was a passionate collector, and therefore married the first beauty of St. Petersburg, Aurora Karlovna Shernval.

Aurora Karlovna did not live long in her marriage. Less than four years later, the husband died of transient consumption, leaving his wife with a small son in her arms to manage numerous Ural factories. She lived in Nizhny Tagil for a long time, tirelessly doing charity work. People loved her, they named streets and newly founded settlements after her. In Verkhnaya Salda the central street was called Avrorinskaya, now it is Lenin Street.

Each city or other settlement has its own face, unique local flavor, individuality, its own unofficial history and, of course, mythology.

And Verkhnyaya and Nizhnyaya Salda have their own unique relationships. Nizhnyaya Salda is now three times smaller than Verkhnyaya, but this was not always the case. Verkhnyaya Salda generally received city status only in 1939, and began to develop rapidly in the post-war years. This is due to the fact that during the war the number plant was evacuated here, and in the 50s our famous press began operating. Verkhnyaya Salda began to grow up and pat her sister on the shoulder, but still the dominance of the older sister was felt in everything, even some strange rivalry arose, almost enmity. Still would! Despite all the merits of Nizhnyaya Salda, it was still united into the Verkhnesaldinsky district.

Officially, the inhabitants of both Saldas are called Saldinians, but the authentic name is Saldaman. Saldamane, these are like super practical kurkuls.

Salda residents are ordinary people, hard workers.

And the Saldamans are constantly buying something: sour cream in cans, meat in carcasses, washing machines in carloads. Every Saldamanian has at least a car and a motorcycle in his garage, an old Singer and a modern Chaika in his house. They said that in Salda there was Zhukov’s Victory and Goering’s Horch.

And, characteristically, titanium is everywhere! The fittings in the garages, the rivets on the roofs shine, and even the vegetable gardens are wrapped not even with wire, but with the thinnest titanium tubes in several rows. True, in the dashing 90s, all titanium was handed over to resellers and now serves the capitalists. You can’t even imagine how much leftover metal was handed over! Tens of tons. What fortunes have people made for themselves from this? Eh-h-h... It was rumored that even the world-famous titanium ingot of 15 tons was cut and sold.

If we talk about myths, then we should start with myth No. 1, cosmogonic.

When we began to actively get acquainted with the city and its inhabitants, a mysterious story was told in my ear. That the word “Salda” is an old toponym, practically a copy of the aboriginal language and means “pit”, some added “rotten” and even “rotten” to this. I was surprised, but I believed. Then I heard the same myth, word for word, in another city with a different name, but when I heard in Krasnoturinsk that this was a “local, ancient toponym,” the myth sewn with white threads disappeared like smoke.

In fact, Salda is the Linden River and the northern edge of the linden distribution area. Indeed, linden no longer grows north of Salda. And there are countless toponyms, and hydronyms, respectively, with the part “yes” (river) in the Urals: Tavda, Revda and others.

Salda flows into Tagil, Tagil into Tura, Tura into Tobol, Tobol into Irtysh, Irtysh into Ob. The Ob basin, by the way, is the largest in Russia.

So this is about some kind of rivalry between cities.

In the local language, apparently dating back to Demidov’s times, Nizhnyaya Salda is called Murlyndiya, and Upper Salda is called Kurlandia.

In Nizhnyaya Salda, zealous owners sew felt boots for sparrows so that they do not scratch the freshly painted roofs with their claws. Firewood is painted to prevent theft. True, they revealed to me a secret that in fact they are painted with oil paint from the end so that they do not absorb water and remain dry.

Potatoes are planted from a gun. For what the hell, I never managed to find out. By the way, both Saldas do not plant vegetable gardens, but “plant them.” “Plant gardens” - even the newspapers write that. And they imprisoned every single one, from the general director to the last handyman.

Oh, and the antennas are also painted with multi-colored paint so that the neighbors think that the TV is color. Well, this is no longer relevant. The lower ones are also called blue-bellied ones, and the upper ones are called carrots.

If they want to emphasize a woman’s special bitchiness, they say: “Well, she’s from Nizhny Aldinskaya!” Even more bitchy - Cheremshansky (now the village of Nikitino)

Also, saldamans don’t work, and p O beat. And they go "r" O hit the factory." It was then that I came across the concept of a city-factory for the first time. Whoever you come to visit, one of the first questions is: "in which workshop O I mean?”, and they are very surprised if the name of the organization is unfamiliar, they immediately begin to calculate which workshop they opened.

Also, the Saldaman (older generation) do not really like cases:

Well, I put on two pants...

I can't see anything without glasses...

Where are you going without a queue...

We went to Moscow and didn’t like it at all.

And at one time the famous writer Mamin-Sibiryak lived in Nizhnyaya Salda. Among the people he left a strange memory of a heavy drunkard and a terrible womanizer, although the workers of the wonderful museum named after. They didn’t tell me about Dmitry Narkisovich in the Literary Quarter of Yekaterinburg. In the novel "Privalov's Millions" and other works of the author you can read a description of the places, life, way of life and customs of the Saldaman of those times.

In Soviet times, there were more than fifty kindergartens in Verkhnyaya Salda, now only 18 remain. The problems in kindergartens are the same as everywhere else - lack of staff due to low wages, lack of funds, abuse.

In Nizhnyaya Salda it’s even less.

There are private kindergartens, but they are not taking root well. There is a lot of hassle, but the income is not very good. The best option is when one mother takes care of two or three.

Salaries in Salda are different.

1. Factory.

As far as I know, there is no less than 6-7 thousand. But this is rare. The dishwasher gets 8.

But mostly people get 12-15 thousand. But it’s different for everyone. It depends on the length of service, the salary scale, length of service and, which is very important, on the relationship with management. The bosses get paid a lot.

2. Budget.

Doctors also get paid differently. Head department of at least fifty. Not bad local police officers. Who has what capabilities and needs.

The salaries of the police and private security were increased too. Although the cops lived well anyway. In the morning, the cop's car park is lined up more abruptly than the tax office's.

3. Private business.

Sellers, on average, are in their twenties.

The funeral business is thriving, as is the production of monuments. There's at least twenty there. Taxi drivers have an average salary of thirty. There is more, there is less. It is profitable to make plastic windows, doors. Notaries spend a lot of money. Now good specialists with work experience are valued. A good accountant is in great demand, but a bad one spends months looking for a job.

In general, those who spin have a good time. For water does not flow under a lying stone.

True, there is one nuance here. More recently, Verkhnaya Salda received the status of a SEZ (special economic zone) “Titanium Valley”, the need for which was spoken about by the Bolsheviks, and Rosaviaprom is preparing to expand here. Apparently, this will also affect Nizhnyaya Salda, because NIImash is located there - a unique production of low-thrust rocket engines, they are supervised by Roscosmos.

In Verkhnyaya Salda there is a children's hang gliding club "POLYOT". He is about thirty years old.

Evgeny Kolesnichenko died on May 16, 2012 while testing a new device(Note from Site Administrator).

Classes at the club are absolutely free for participants, since the club is on the balance sheet of VSMPO-AVISMA.

The guys attend competitions of various levels, fly around cities and villages and take pictures of what they see. Here, for example, is what the Demidovs’ patrimony of Nevyansk looks like from a bird’s eye view. Almost the entire historical center of the city is visible with the famous leaning tower, built in the mid-18th century according to the model of the Pisan one.

Here is a very interesting version of a copy from the 1809 plan of Verkhnaya Salda.

And now the historical center from a bird's eye view:

Here's a closer look at the church:

And sometimes, at sunset after the rain, it looks like this:

The history of this church is quite interesting.

Actually, I don’t really believe in the mysticism and magic of numbers, but still:

In 1836, construction was completed and a wooden Orthodox church in the name of St. Apostle John the Theologian.

in 1896, a stone church was built on the same site.

In 1936 the church was blown up.

In 1996, the restoration of the church actually began

In 2006, church crosses were made and consecrated.

A year later, all 7 of its bells and the Temple in the name of St. were raised to the bell tower of the temple. The apostle and evangelist John the Theologian began his second life.

And this is what the procession looks like now:

The church stands exactly in the same place as before; for this purpose, its original foundation was carefully examined and restored.

So, previously, on the site of the restored temple, exactly on its foundation, there was a memorial complex dedicated to those who fell in the Great Patriotic War. And in front of the memorial there was a monument to Lenin, in front of which demonstrations took place on the May and October holidays.

This is what the monument to Lenin looked like in the complex with the podium in the 70s. Even in the b/w photo you can see that it is gilded. (And points with his hand to the toilet next to the bus station.) As for the toilet, that’s what the local evil tongues said, and so for the factory. Old, of course.

After the vandal attack, the leader of the world proletariat moved a little higher (up the street), he stands in front of the Family Reading Library. Very good and free library. It has a wide variety of publications and hosts cultural events for children and adults.

This is what Lenin is like now. Really, you won't know? He looks like a war veteran with amputated legs.

Well, good, at least they returned this one. Grandfather, dear one, according to his GOELRO plan, the whole country was developed, the legacy of which we are now mediocrely eating away.

Children will not become citizens and people if they do not have a history.

And in general, I don’t like this vicious practice of toppling monuments. The monument is a memory! Let it cost.

Lenin is there as a sign of the presence of a cultural institution. Well, so that it is immediately clear that there is no kindergarten there.

Now let’s take a little walk through the areas of Verkhnyaya Salda.

In this photo, right in the center you see a bizarrely curved group of houses, there are about fifteen of them, starting from Voronov, 2 and stretching along the entire street, bending towards the neighboring one.

This group is popularly called the Chinese Wall, colloquially simply “The Wall” or “China”.

So, if you ask anyone in Verkhnaya Salda where he lives, and in response you hear: “In the wall,” do not be surprised, this is not a walled-up Piglet, but simply a resident of Voronova Street.

This same area is visible in its entirety as we approach, such an almost regular pentagon with its tip pointing at us? Behind it, the rectangle of another area, "The Living and the Dead", is clearly visible. Local wits called it that because the microdistrict began to be built across the road from the old Saldinsky cemetery, so that ancestors and descendants coexist comfortably.

And here is a very good photo of “The Living and the Dead” from Mill Hill. The microdistrict, gas station, road to the SES and Nizhnyaya Salda are clearly visible, and only on the right, if you look closely, you can see the cemetery.

In this photo you can clearly see a private development area called “Cape”, and in the center a little higher up you can see a strange group of buildings - this is a helicopter factory, one of the most interesting enterprises in the city.

Do you see a pine forest around? Moreover, we are located at the very top of Melnichnaya, so our air is better than in any sanatorium, and the water! The water from a separate well is clean and tasty. We drink straight from the tap.

One of the most picturesque corners of Verkhnyaya Salda is the Maly Mys area.

Here it is approaching, in the foreground there is an old factory, and the Small Cape is in the distance, you can see that the flat land juts into the pond.

And here it is in the palm of your hand!

And I just really like this photo.

And here is a piece of Zareka and the Small Cape, in the middle there is a pond. Traces from cars are visible on the ice, and black dots are fishermen, ice fishing enthusiasts.

And here you can see the coastal part of the cape. The road and almost the entire Small Cape are clearly visible; in the upper left corner are the collective gardens. Take a closer look, in the center, against the background of snow, you can see a rather strange pattern, reminiscent of a Budenovsky helmet. This is a training ground where karting and motocross competitions are held both in winter and summer. The roar is so loud that we can hear it on Helicopter. If you go to the right in the photo, there is Melnichnaya.

And this is the competition itself:

Rowan is a symbol of the Urals.

The wind floats in a quiet song over the river,

The factory glows with distant lightning.

Somewhere the train is rolling along like points of fire,

Somewhere under the rowan tree the guys are waiting for me.

White flowers,

Oh, rowan, rowan,

Why are you sad?..

Evgeniy Pavlovich was born in the Urals, lived for many years in Nizhnyaya Salda, fought, and after the war he graduated from the conservatory. February 16 is his birthday (1925).

Fourth from the left - Evgeniy Pavlovich, with a button accordion.

He is still very easy to communicate with, he is often invited to events, and even though he is an honorary citizen of Yekaterinburg, he rarely refuses anyone.

By the way, the song “Oh, Curly Rowan” was performed by the Ural Choir in the film directed by Petrovich “The Master and Margarita”. Apparently Morricone thought it would be very colorful to illustrate the era of the 30s with post-war Soviet songs. In the film, the song sounds against the backdrop of old buildings and numerous church domes. What a laugh!

Like most Ural cities, Verkhnyaya Salda owes its appearance to the plant. It was founded by plant owner Nikita Akinfievich Demidov on the Salda River, upstream from the previously launched Nizhnesalda plant. Read about the history, attractions and mysterious underground passages of Verkhnyaya Salda in this article.

History of Verkhnaya Salda

The first cast iron at the Verkhnesalda plant was smelted on December 6, 1778. This day is considered the official date of birth of Verkhnaya Salda. The Verkhnesaldinsky plant was located in the Verkhoturye district of the Perm province, in the Nizhny Tagil mining district. It arose on the Salda River, a right tributary of Tagil.

The name of the river, according to linguist A.K. Matveev, comes from the Mansi word “salt”, “salt” - “bast”, “bast”. The northeastern border of the linden distribution runs precisely through these places.

In 1836, an Orthodox wooden church in the name of John the Evangelist was built at the Verkhnesalda plant. In 1896 it was replaced by a stone church.

In 1895, the Nizhny Tagil – Verkhnyaya Salda railway was launched. After the revolution, the plant was nationalized. In 1930, construction of another enterprise began in Verkhnaya Salda - a steel bridge plant.

On December 4, 1938, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the workers' village of Verkhnyaya Salda was transformed into a city. In 1942 it became a city of regional subordination.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, factories No. 95 and No. 519, which were engaged in the production of aluminum products for combat aircraft, were evacuated to Verkhnaya Salda.

In the 1950s, a new stage in the history of Verkhnyaya Salda began, it began to develop rapidly. Here they mastered the production of titanium for military equipment. Trial production began at plant No. 519, then an experimental workshop for the production of titanium products was opened at plant No. 95. The first experimental titanium ingot of the VT1-1 alloy weighed 4 kg and had a diameter of 100 mm. Titanium for rolling was supplied from the Podolsk Chemical and Metallurgical Plant. In 1957, plants No. 95 and 519 were merged. On January 24, 1976, for the first time in the world, the plant smelted an ingot with a diameter of 1200 mm and a mass of 15 tons.

In the 1990s, the company began cooperation with foreign companies. Later, the plant began supplying titanium parts for Boeing, and the company became deeply integrated into the global aerospace industry.

Today, the VSMPO-AVISMA Corporation is the world's largest enterprise producing products from titanium and its alloys. This is the only company that carries out a full cycle of titanium production - from processing raw materials to producing final products. The Corporation includes two industrial sites - VSMPO in Verkhnaya Salda and AVISMA in the city of Berezniki, Perm Territory, which are connected by a single technological chain.

Verkhnesalda titanium can be seen in Moscow. One of the most impressive monuments in the Russian capital, the “Conquerors of Space” monument on Mira Avenue, is made of polished titanium. It was opened on November 4, 1964. Depicts a rocket taking off, followed by a silver trail. The height of the monument reaches 100 meters, weight – 250 tons. The surface is covered with titanium panels 1.5 mm thick, the total weight of which is 25 tons.

In the 2010s, a special economic zone of the industrial-production type “Titanium Valley” appeared in Verkhnyaya Salda, in the creation of which a lot of money was invested. The territory of the “Titanium Valley” is located to the left of the road before entering the city.

The enterprise that gave life to the city was much less fortunate. The Verkhnesaldinsky Metallurgical Plant was declared bankrupt in 2015 and ceased to exist. By now, almost all the buildings on the territory of one of the oldest factories in the Urals have been demolished, now there is just a vacant lot surrounded by a fence.

Interestingly, in the 1960s, a master plan was developed to unite the cities of Verkhnyaya and Nizhnyaya Salda. It just so happened historically that from the very foundation they were connected with each other. The development of cities had to move towards each other. The population of Verkhnyaya Salda today is 42 thousand people.

Sights of Verkhnyaya Salda

The historical center of Verkhnyaya Salda is located near the former Verkhnyaya Salda metallurgical plant (now demolished). You can begin your acquaintance with the city from the St. John the Theological Church standing on the square. You can easily park next to it, and there is also a bus station nearby.

Stone three-throne St. John the Theologian Church was founded in 1890 and consecrated in 1896. Built in neo-Byzantine style at the expense of parishioners. In 1930, the temple was closed for worship, and in the fall of 1936 it was blown up. In 1998, construction of a new temple began on the same site, externally reproducing the old one. It was consecrated in 2013 and is currently operating. Built of red brick, it has three thrones and a bell tower 43 meters high.

In the historical center of Verkhnaya Salda, many old buildings have been preserved. Restored two-story merchant's house can be seen on Kalinin Street leading to the temple (house no. 36). It was built in 1860, as indicated by the numbers under the roof. Before the revolution, there was a consumer society house and a store here, later a bakery and private enterprises. Now it houses a grocery store.

Returning to the square, pay attention to the bus station building (Lenin St., 54). This is the ex priest's house. Outwardly, it looks unprepossessing, but a large memorial plaque catches the eye. The inscription on it says that from 1902 to 1918 the priest Peter Dyakonov, who was killed by the Bolsheviks in 1918, lived here. The Russian Orthodox Church ranked him among the holy martyrs. There was an underground passage from this house to the church. Other buildings were also connected by underground passages, but read about that below.

Turning right behind the bus station building, you should walk further along Lenin Street. On the left is the territory of the former Verkhnesaldinsky plant. Near the former checkpoint there is a monument to plant workers who died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. The inscription on the monument cries out: “People. While hearts are knocking, remember! At what price is happiness won? Remember!

On the right side there is a complex of old pre-revolutionary buildings. One-story green house on the street. Lenina, 62 – former factory hospital. In Soviet times, various institutions were located here, until the mid-90s the house was occupied by the VSMZ trade union committee, then the building was empty, now, apparently, commercial companies are located.

The next building looks the most expressive. This building of the Verkhnesaldinsky plant management office(64 Lenina St.), built in 1858 by order of the owners of the Tagil factories in the style of Russian classicism according to the design of the architect A.P. Chebotareva. The central part of the facade is decorated with four columns. Above them you can see the Demidovs’ coat of arms and floral ornaments. After the revolution of 1917, the house housed the VSMZ plant management, since the 1960s - the city House of Pioneers, in the 1990s - the Center for Children's Creativity, and since 1996 - the Verkhnesalda Museum of Local Lore. The building is an architectural monument.

The ex is the last one standing house of the manager of the Verkhnesaldinsky plant(Lenin St., 66). It was built in 1831 (according to other sources, in the 1850s). In the second half of the 19th century, Maria Yakimovna Alekseeva, the first wife of the writer D.N., lived in this house for some time. Mamin-Sibiryak. In 1897-1901, the family of the outstanding metallurgist Vladimir Efimovich Grum-Grzhimailo lived here after his appointment as manager of the Verkhnesalda plant, as a memorial plaque reminds. Grum-Grzhimailo’s wife, Sofya Germanovna, left memories of the house and life in it. After Grum-Grzhimailo moved to neighboring Nizhnyaya Salda, the house was actually used as a hotel. After the revolution of 1917, the commissariat for the formation of Red Guard detachments, the surgical department of the city hospital, a kindergarten, and a city printing house were located here in different years (it is still located here). Nowadays, in the basement of the house, Yegor Korolev discovered a smelting furnace, apparently built by V.E. himself. Grum-Grzhimailo for metal smelting experiments.

Next begins Verkhnesaldinsky pond on the Salda River, which is the decoration of the city. It has the status of a hydrological natural monument of the Sverdlovsk region. Just above the pond, the rather interesting river Isa flows into Salda, on which the Isinsky pond is formed, which is also a natural monument.

Returning to the square, it is worth paying attention to monument to the heroes of the Civil War. It was erected in memory of the Saldinians who died in this terrible war. The monument stands on the grave of the Red intelligence officer Mikhail Afanasyevich Turanov, who was killed by the White Guards in 1919. It was opened in 1955, made according to the design of the famous sculptor L.M. Pisarevsky.

Right installed memorial stone to victims of political repression. And behind these monuments there is a building Alexandrovsky Primary Zemstvo School(Lenin St., 31). This two-story building was built in 1872. Since the 1990s, the city's education department has been based there.

Across the road is a two-story building of the former parish government(Lenin St., 50). In Soviet times, it was connected by an extension to the house of the clergyman Father Alexei. Until 1917, the volost administration and police district were located here, since 1917 - the Executive Committee of the Verkhnesalda volost Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, the city committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the city committee of the Komsomol, the city executive committee, the people's court, and the prosecutor's office. These days the building is abandoned and is gradually collapsing.

If you walk further along Lenin Street, you can see another example of the attitude towards pre-revolutionary buildings, which gives some hope. A local entrepreneur restored it on his own. house of merchant Vershinin(Lenin St., 44). Before the revolution, there was a store on the ground floor, living rooms on the second, and storage rooms in the basement. In Soviet times, there was a store on the ground floor, and the city military registration and enlistment office on the second. Today the building was sold to a private person. Once in the hands of a responsible owner, the merchant's house regained its former splendor. Now it houses a cafe and a hotel. In the courtyard of the house there is a small open-air museum where you can see, for example, examples of antique rails.

The modern center of Verkhnaya Salda is located away from the historical one. The most interesting thing here is about Palace of Culture named after. G.D. Agarkova(Engelsa str., 32). The building of the cultural center was built according to a standard design in 1956. Named after the former director of the plant. In front of the Palace of Culture lies the Palace Square with fountain "Danila the Master". The metal sculpture depicts the hero of the tale P.P. Bazhov holding a “stone flower” in his hands.

To the left of the Palace of Culture is the Cosmos Park. It deserves attention Monument "Girl with Swallows"", standing on a high pedestal. It is one of the unofficial symbols of Verkhnyaya Salda. The monument was made by Saldinsky sculptor L.E. Neverov. In the past, the monument stood on the road between Verkhnyaya and Nizhnyaya Salda. After an attempt was made to steal the bronze monument in the early 1990s, the monument was moved to the plant management building, and later moved to the Palace of Culture named after. Agarkov, to the Cosmos park. Across the road there is a park of culture and recreation named after. Yu.A. Gagarin.

Also within the city limits of Verkhnyaya Salda there is Mount Melnichnaya, on which the ski base of the same name is located. And lovers of abandoned buildings are attracted by the large building of an unfinished hospital. A huge hospital complex was built for two cities - Verkhnyaya and Nizhnyaya Salda, but with the collapse of the Soviet Union this construction was abandoned.

To the east of the city there is a botanical natural monument “Lomovsky Garden” - a monument to human forestry activities. The garden was planted in 1910-12. Initially, 4 alleys of cedars and pines were planted along the perimeter, later - birch, bird cherry, apple, acacia, and lilac. The Lomovka holiday home, opened in 1935, operates here.

Map of attractions of Verkhnyaya Salda

One of the main secrets of Verkhnyaya Salda is connected with underground passages. They are described in detail in Vsevolod Slukin’s book “Secrets of the Ural Dungeons”.

Verkhnesalda local historian Viktor Ivanovich Kozlov reported to V.M. Slukin that “under Verkhnaya Salda, according to the tales of old-timers, according to his personal observations and some other evidence, there is a whole system of galleries and corridors. This system is laid under the historical center in the old part of the city. The passages connect the old plant, the building of the former parish school (there was once the first church, from Demidov's times), the house of the plant manager, the building of the volost government, and the priests' mansions. There seems to be a branch to another part of the city, passing under the river to where Salda School No. 6 is located.”

Diagram of the underground passages of Verkhnyaya Salda from the book by V.M. Slukin "Secrets of the Ural dungeons"

There were many eyewitnesses who saw the mysterious dungeons. For example, they came across brickwork during the construction of a garage in the courtyard of the former mansion of Father Mikhail (now it houses a bus station). The builders widened the resulting gap and fell into an underground passage.

“The tunnel was lined with large-sized Demidov bricks, the vault was also brick, cylindrical, massive. The floor is covered with granite slabs. The dimensions of the corridor are typical for structures of this type: one and a half meters wide, about two meters high.

But the most important thing awaited the pathfinders ahead - after a few meters the passage branched into three branches. One went to the left, towards the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist, which once stood on a hill (demolished during the years of churchlessness), the second went straight, towards the building of the volost government and the house of the second clergyman - Father Alexei, and the third branched to the right - to the building that once existing parochial school. We chose the path straight, but soon it was blocked by a brick wall of relatively recent masonry, dating back to approximately the beginning of the 20th century,” Vsevolod Slukin described the find from the words of an eyewitness.

Similar brickwork was found during excavation work and near the former estate of the plant manager. There were also periodic sinkholes there.

In the past, it was possible to get into the underground tunnel from the school building, which was located in the parish building. Based on the story by A.F. Onosov, he and his classmates walked through the tunnel for more than a hundred meters. Unfortunately, the building later burned down. In May 1979, V.I. Kozlov and a group of enthusiasts examined the basement of the burnt building. A room measuring 5 by 6 meters, the height of a person, was discovered. In the opposite wall there was a narrow passage half a meter wide. It was a secret passage to the basement. On the left side of the basement, a large room opened up with smooth walls and forged nails driven in at the level of hanging icons and lamps. A blind bunker measuring 3 by 4 meters was discovered under the floor. On the left there was another similar bunker, and in the center there was a hole into an underground passage, but the further path was blocked by ice.

Director of Verkhnesaldinsk school No. 9 N.V. Sorokin told researchers that he walked along an underground passage from the school building (it was also old) to the parish school and further to the side where the main Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist once stood. During the investigation, a machine gun from the Civil War was found.

According to the stories of Verkhnyaya Salda residents, another passage went from the old building on the other side of the river, which in the past was occupied by school No. 6 (before the revolution it was part of the ensemble of factory administrative buildings), to the old center of Verkhnyaya Salda.

In 1982, exploration was carried out using engineering geophysical methods. Instruments confirmed the presence of voids...

In November 2018, we, participants in the “Uraloved” project, also visited Verkhnyaya Salda. Since the time of writing by V.M. Slukin’s books about dungeons, not much has changed here. Except that a new one was built on the site of the demolished temple. It is a pity that the builders did not try to find and explore the underground passages.

After walking through the historical center of the city and looking at the buildings that were connected by underground passages, we headed to the former building of the volost government.

The building turned out to be abandoned, and we had the opportunity to visit inside. Alas, the pre-revolutionary building is in disrepair and is gradually collapsing. The floor in one of the rooms was broken. An ancient arched vault made of old brick was visible there. Did it really lead to those same legendary underground passages of Verkhnyaya Salda?!

We go down and look under the arches, which beckon with their mystery. The mysterious emptiness stretched into the distance... Having made our way along, alas, further on we found ourselves in a dead end. Everything is covered with a huge mass of slag....

How great it would be to excavate and restore ancient underground passages! An influx of curious tourists in Verkhnaya Salda would be guaranteed. In the meantime, the underground passages of Verkhnyaya Salda continue to keep their secrets...

How to get to Verkhnyaya Salda?

The city of Verkhnyaya Salda is located in the Sverdlovsk region, 43 km northeast of Nizhny Tagil or 170 km north of Yekaterinburg. From Yekaterinburg you need to go along the Serovsky tract and stop in Nizhny Tagil. The Sverdlovskoye Highway smoothly turns into Festivalnaya Street, along which you need to drive to the end, then turn right onto the Eastern Highway, which turns into the highway to Verkhnyaya Salda.

You can also get there by public transport. Buses from Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Tagil, as well as trains from Tagil and Alapaevsk go here.

10 km from Verkhnyaya Salda is the city of Nizhnyaya Salda, which is definitely also worth a visit.

References:

Slukin V.M. Secrets of the Ural dungeons. – Ekaterinburg, 2005.

The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays provide the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is destructive to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What kind of UV radiation from the sun is there?

Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.

• UVA. Long-wave radiation range
  315–400 nm

  The rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.

• UV-B. Medium wave range radiation
  280–315 nm

  The rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UV-C. Shortwave range radiation
  100–280 nm

  The most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effects of the Sun. However, these life-saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum in autumn. Cloudiness is one of the most variable characteristics of weather. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.

At what UV index values ​​is there a danger?

The UV index provides an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun at the Earth's surface. UV index values ​​range from a safe 0 to an extreme 11+.

• 0–2 Low
• 3–5 Moderate
• 6–7 High
• 8–10 Very high
• 11+ Extreme

In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values ​​(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points throughout the year.

What are the benefits of the sun?

In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, and vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the Sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

The hormone of happiness serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.

Why is the sun dangerous?

When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between the beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such aggressive influence. It lowers immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet light destroys the DNA chain

How the Sun affects people

Sensitivity to UV radiation depends on skin type. People of the European race are the most sensitive to the Sun - for them, protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is most influenced by the Sun?

People with fair hair
skin tone

People with many moles

Residents of mid-latitudes during a holiday in the south

Winter lovers
fishing

Skiers and climbers

People with a family history of skin cancer

In what weather is the sun more dangerous?

It is a common misconception that the sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather. You can also get sunburned in cool, cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of getting sunburned, which cannot be said about traditional beach holiday destinations. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow simple rules:

Spend less time in the sun during midday hours

Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

Stay in the shade more on the beach

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreens vary in their degree of sun protection and are labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7 %) of the ultraviolet rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2 %, affects the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream can reflect 100% of ultraviolet radiation.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 or higher. However, for fair-skinned people it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to Apply Sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.

Please check the cream instructions for the required volume for application.

How to Apply Sunscreen When Swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after swimming. Water washes away the protective film and, by reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when swimming, the risk of sunburn increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.

Excessive sweating and wiping with a towel are also reasons to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide complete protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their impact on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

Sunlight reflected from water, snow or sand can cause painful burns to the retina. To protect your eyes, wear sunglasses with a UV filter.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5 %.

Snow reflects up to 85 % of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80 % of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is reflected again by clouds.

Thus, in the mountains the Sun is most dangerous. It is necessary to protect your face, lower chin and ears even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you get sunburned

Use a damp sponge to moisten the burn.

Apply anti-burn cream to the burned areas

If your temperature rises, consult your doctor; you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (the skin swells and blisters greatly), seek medical attention

The city of Verkhnyaya Salda is located on the territory of the state (country) Russia, which in turn is located on the territory of the continent Europe.

Which federal district does the city of Verkhnyaya Salda belong to?

The city of Verkhnyaya Salda is part of the federal district: Ural.

The Federal District is an enlarged territory consisting of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

In what region is the city of Verkhnyaya Salda located?

The city of Verkhnyaya Salda is part of the Sverdlovsk region.

A characteristic of a region or a subject of a country is the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements, including cities and other settlements that are part of the region.

The Sverdlovsk region is an administrative unit of the state of Russia.

Population of the city of Verkhnyaya Salda.

The population of the city of Verkhnyaya Salda is 42,733 people.

Year of foundation of Verkhnyaya Salda.

Year of foundation of the city of Verkhnyaya Salda: 1778.

What time zone is Verkhnyaya Salda located in?

The city of Verkhnyaya Salda is located in the administrative time zone: UTC+6. Thus, you can determine the time difference in the city of Verkhnyaya Salda, relative to the time zone in your city.

Telephone code of the city Verkhnyaya Salda

The telephone code of the city of Verkhnyaya Salda is: +7 34345. In order to call the city of Verkhnyaya Salda from a mobile phone, you need to dial the code: +7 34345 and then the subscriber’s number directly.

Official website of the city of Verkhnyaya Salda.

Website of the city of Verkhnyaya Salda, official website of the city of Verkhnyaya Salda, or as it is also called “Official website of the administration of the city of Verkhnyaya Salda”: http://www.v-salda.ru/.