In the modern world, there is an acute problem of increasing the number of children suffering from obesity. However, doctors note that the problem of underweight in children also remains relevant, and many children would benefit from gaining a few kilograms. However, this is not such a simple task: it is not enough to simply allow the child to eat whatever he wants. Instead, you should change your eating habits, include nutritious, high-calorie foods in your diet, and “secretly” add extra calories to your usual meals. If you think your child needs to gain weight, be sure to consult with a specialist before helping him gain weight.
Try to establish the reasons. Just like adults, some children are simply thin and find it quite difficult to gain extra weight. However, you should rule out other possible reasons why your child looks too thin.
Consult your pediatrician. If you and your child have regular checkups, your pediatrician may advise your child to gain weight. Don't hesitate to ask your doctor for advice about your concerns.
Follow your doctor's instructions when feeding your baby. The methods for gaining weight as an infant are certainly different from those for older children. Serious illnesses are rare: underweight is mainly caused by improper feeding, insufficient breast milk or gastrointestinal disorders.
Feed your underweight baby more often. In many cases, the problem is not what the child eats, but the amount of food. Young children have a small stomach capacity, so they need to eat more often than adults.
Give importance to meals. Without giving up light snacks, pay special attention to main meals. Teach your child not to be distracted while eating and to enjoy food.
Set the right example. It may turn out that your child would benefit from gaining a couple of kilograms, while you, on the contrary, would benefit from losing weight. However, even in this situation, your diet and your baby's diet should not be very different. Nutrient-rich foods are good for everyone, including thin and overweight people.
Get your child into the habit of regular physical exercise. Like eating healthy, exercise is more often associated with weight loss rather than gain. However, if you combine exercise with proper nutrition, it will help you gain weight.
Avoid junk food. Yes, cakes, pastries, cookies, sugary drinks and fast food do contain a lot of calories that contribute to weight gain. However, consuming them can lead to a variety of health problems (including even diabetes and heart disease in children) that far outweigh the minor benefits of mild weight gain.
Compose your diet with a variety of nutrient-rich foods. Variety is important not only because it provides the body with all the necessary vitamins and minerals: it also maintains interest in food and helps you enjoy it. The monotony of food can discourage a child from eating.
Give your child healthy fats. We tend to think of fat as something bad, but this is not always the case. Many fats, especially plant-based ones, are essential for a healthy diet. These fats also help you gain weight because they contain about nine calories per gram, while there are only about four calories per gram of carbohydrates or proteins.
Choose the right snacks. Children who are gaining weight need to snack from time to time. As with main meals, choose healthy foods rather than high-calorie, nutrient-poor foods.
Monitor what and when your child drinks. It is important for children not to lack water, but too much liquid creates a feeling of fullness and suppresses the appetite.
Don't forget the milk. Dairy products can be added to a wide variety of dishes. This will increase the number of calories and nutritional value of your food.
Which parent doesn't want their child to be healthy? Health is always associated with the weight and appearance of the baby. After all, healthy children should not look emaciated, but those who suffer from chronic illnesses or simply often get colds are often thin. The role of weight in assessing the general condition of children in the first year of life is especially great: here, literally by grams, the baby’s weight gain is assessed monthly, and any deviations make parents worry.
The anxiety of young mothers is further aggravated by questions and jokes from “kind-hearted” relatives and friends (“Oh, how thin you are, your mother probably doesn’t feed you well”) and comparisons of their own child with the chubby babies of friends. At this point, even mothers who are not prone to excessive anxiety begin to doubt: maybe he really is thin? And how to fatten him up? Really, what?
But before we move on to this issue, I would like to remind you that your child is not a pig, and there is no need to “fatten” him for the joy of others. And the fact of lack of mass should be established by a doctor (ideally, not even one), and not by the parents, relatives and friends themselves. When assessing the weight of children, not only age is taken into account, but also other parameters (height, constitutional features, mobility of the child, etc.), which will be difficult for a non-specialist to correctly correlate with each other. If the mass is insufficient, then during measures to restore it (special nutrition, sometimes biological supplements, vitamins and medications are required), it is imperative to find out the reason.
At the age of up to 6 months, there are several main reasons for underweight, according to which nutrition selection will be carried out:
Breast milk will help your newborn gain weight well.
Immediately after birth, such babies have a low (less than 2500 g) body weight; they are often transferred to the intensive care unit, where they immediately begin feeding with artificial formula. However, mother's milk will be optimal for them, so the mother needs to maintain and stimulate lactation even if she is separated from the child. It is breast milk, even if obtained from a bottle after pumping, that is best absorbed and will help the baby gain weight. Well, when there is not enough milk or there is no milk at all, babies are prescribed special medicinal formulas for premature infants, the name of which contains the prefix “pre” (“Friso Pre”, “Pre Nan”, “Pregestimil”, etc.). In addition, artificial formulas for premature infants are divided according to the weight of the child (“Nutrilon Pre” - for feeding children weighing up to 1800 g, “Nutrilon Pre 1” - for children weighing from 1800 g).
Special formulas for premature babies, compared to regular formulas, contain more protein, fat and carbohydrates, and therefore are higher in calories. They also contain more vitamins, macro- and microelements. Some manufacturers produce mixtures with partially digested protein (“Nan Pre”). The enriched protein-fat and carbohydrate composition helps the child gain weight faster, the additional introduction of vitamins, macro- and microelements helps prevent the development of rickets and iron deficiency anemia, and partial hydrolysis facilitates the absorption of the mixture in the immature gastrointestinal tract of the premature baby.
If the newborn tolerated the formula prescribed to him in the maternity hospital normally, then after discharge no experiments are carried out and this same mixture is left either until the child reaches the age of 1 month or until he gains weight of 3 kg. Then the question is decided individually (in each case by a doctor): is formula needed (for mixed feeding) or will breast milk be sufficient? If necessary, a subsequent formula is selected.
They talk about false hypogalactia when the mother (or pediatrician) for some reason believes that the baby does not have enough milk, but in reality the child receives enough. Advice: do not immediately rush to supplement your child’s feeding, first understand the problem: carry out repeated weighings on the same scales, control weighing after feeding, consult another doctor if necessary, rule out pathology (primarily diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, enzymatic deficiency). Premature introduction of supplementary feeding will lead to a gradual decline in lactation and the development of true hypogalactia.
When the fact of insufficient breast milk production is established, and no measures to stimulate lactation have an effect, we can talk about true hypogalactia. In such a situation, the baby constantly lacks mother's milk and either additional introduction of artificial milk substitutes - supplementary feeding (mixed feeding) is required, or, in the complete absence of milk, a transition to completely artificial feeding.
Remember that supplementary feeding of a child under the age of 6 months is possible only with specially designed formulas for artificial feeding (usually marked with the number 1 next to the name: “NAN-1”, “Nutrilon-1”). The selection of the mixture should be carried out on the recommendation and under the supervision of a pediatrician.
Do not listen to the advice of all-knowing grandmothers and neighbors and other “natural and healthy” foods. The gastrointestinal tract of a baby up to six months is not able to cope with the digestion of any food other than human milk (or at least adapted mixtures that imitate this milk). Otherwise, you risk not only not getting the desired result (weight gain), but also providing your baby with such unpleasant conditions as functional digestive disorders, gastritis, etc.
From 6 months onwards, complementary foods begin to appear on babies' menus. But the principles of introducing complementary foods for children with malnutrition (lack of weight) are exactly the same as for children with normal weight - there is no need to rush to include new types of food in the diet.
Which will help your child gain weight:
Please note that all of the above recommendations are intended for relatively healthy children who have a moderate decrease in body weight compared to the age norm. In the case of severe retardation in physical development and severe weight loss, it is necessary, after identifying the causes of malnutrition, to carry out full treatment, including the prescription of medications. And therapeutic nutrition for children with severe malnutrition is built only under the constant supervision of a pediatrician, with a daily calculation of the daily calorie intake and determination of the need for basic nutritional components.
Lack or excess weight in the first year of life becomes the subject of close attention of the pediatrician. It is not for nothing that the child is weighed by a doctor every month or every week after birth. This is necessary to determine the correct development and condition of the baby.
It is generally accepted that excess weight is always bad; obesity is always given more attention. However, being underweight or poor weight gain can have an even worse impact on a child’s development and health than being overweight.
Lack of weight is fraught with dangerous diseases for the child, retarded growth and development. After birth, the baby begins to rapidly grow and develop the body as a whole. Therefore, it is so important to monitor weight, as well as how the child eats: good or bad, a lot or a little. If the body does not receive enough energy sources, it begins to use up its own reserves of fat or glycogen. This leads to harmful consequences.
If a child gains little weight, he becomes prone to:
A child who eats and drinks only breast milk reacts particularly acutely to a lack of minerals, nutrients, and vitamins. Due to lack of weight, a child may have neuropsychic abnormalities; vital organs, hearing, vision, and the musculoskeletal system may not develop properly.
Low weight is not always evidence of malnutrition in a child. Sometimes the reason for this may be the baby’s constitution caused by heredity. That is, if his mother or father, grandmother or grandfather were or are underweight. This is also possible because the child is not eating enough. Less often there are discrepancies with real indicators and tabulated ones, those presented in textbooks.
Weighing a child alone is not enough to detect malnutrition. Additionally, the following procedures must be applied:
In infants, as a rule, not only body weight is assessed, but also its monthly increase. A child who was of normal weight at birth should normally gain 600 g or from 500 to 1000 g during the first 6 months of life. And then - on average 300 g.
Normal weight is inextricably linked with height. The combination of these values will give accurate information about whether your baby is getting enough nutrients.
When interviewing parents, the pediatrician will find out how the child previously gained weight and whether he or she has any chronic diseases. Have you had a recent acute respiratory viral infection or cold? The doctor asks what kind of appetite the baby has and what he eats, about the child’s behavioral characteristics and whether he sleeps a lot or little.
Children with malnutrition are distinguished by the absence of a fat layer, their folds and cheeks disappear, and the child looks very thin. The skin of a sick baby is dry, flaky, and the turgor is reduced. When pressed, the skin does not return to its original position so quickly. Symptoms of nervous system dysfunction may also occur. The baby does not hold his head up at all or poorly, does not sit down, does not eat, and so on.
Laboratory research data will help the doctor clarify the picture and make an accurate diagnosis. For this purpose, a general blood test is used. It reveals signs of anemia, a decrease in the level of lymphocytes and red blood cells.
The main reason for underweight in infants is a lack of mother's milk. In this case, pediatricians advise supplementing the child with artificial formula. However, you should not rush to transfer your baby to artificial feeding.
Causes of weight loss during breastfeeding can also be:
The causes of underweight in breastfed children are conventionally divided into two groups – nutritional and internal. Nutritional reasons, or in other words - external, are associated with an incomplete supply of nutrients, as well as with the fact that the baby does not eat well. Internal ones talk about excessive consumption of these substances or their improper absorption.
Currently, it is believed that external causes are practically never encountered. After all, it is difficult to imagine that the reason that the baby is not gaining weight well could be parental negligence or deliberate underfeeding of the baby. However, sometimes there is a mother's inattention to how the baby eats.
It is imperative to accustom the child to a feeding schedule. After six months, be sure to introduce new foods into your diet. But it is also impossible to give children food that is not appropriate for their age. Their digestive system simply cannot digest many foods.
In addition to the nutritional cause described above, it is worth mentioning congenital anomalies, esophageal defects, regurgitation, and mental disorders. All these are physiological signs of underweight.
Internal reasons include:
Only a pediatrician can make a diagnosis of hypotrophy based on observations and tests. Treatment is also carried out under his supervision.
With a mild degree of malnutrition, that is, with a deviation from the norm of no more than 20%, it is enough just to normalize the diet and introduce a feeding regimen, which is especially important for newborns. When breastfeeding, it is advisable to put the baby to the breast every three hours. In this case, the mother will have the required amount of milk.
It may be necessary to introduce artificial formula if the mother does not produce enough milk. In some cases, when the baby is not gaining weight well, the doctor prescribes enzymes, special mixtures, and vitamins that help and improve weight gain. It is important to eliminate all possible causes of malnutrition in a timely manner.
In this article:
After the baby is born, he begins to grow rapidly and in the first year of his life gains about 7 kilograms in weight. But these indicators are purely individual for each child and primarily depend on the characteristics of the body. Then what should be the normal weight of a newborn?
Based on some statistical data, experts have long deduced the basic patterns that the baby should comply to, to a lesser or greater extent.
On average, the weight of a baby born at term can range from 2,600 to 4,500 grams. Only in the first days the newborn loses about 10% of its original body weight. He begins to adapt to the environment, loses a lot of fluid, and the feeding process is just getting established. The mother begins to produce milk only on the 3rd day after birth; before this time, a small amount of colostrum is produced. If the child’s health is in perfect order and he receives adequate nutrition, then starting from the 4-5th day, his weight increases by 20 grams daily.
This table contains information about the norm for height and weight gain in children in the first year of their life. But, despite this, we must not forget that all newborns are different and the values presented may differ from the actual weight and height of your child.
Child's age, month |
Weight gain(grams) |
Increase in height(cm) |
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---|---|---|---|---|
for the entire period |
for the entire period |
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The table is not the only way to determine the norm and weight of a newborn. In addition to it, there is another calculation formula. According to it, during the first 5 months the baby gains an average of 800 grams, and from 6 months - 400 grams monthly. For the first 3 months, the child’s height increases by 3 cm, in subsequent months by 2.5 cm, then by 1.5 cm and 1 cm per quarter. Thanks to this formula, you can more accurately find out how much weight the baby has gained and how much his height has increased, and whether this corresponds to the norm.
But relying on these indicators, as noted above, is not completely recommended, since all children have different appetites, and accordingly, each eats differently.
Most young mothers mistakenly believe that normal weight gain in a newborn is only evidence of good nutrition. But this is completely wrong! So what then determines a child’s weight gain in the first year of his life?
In the first few days after birth, almost all children lose 8-10% of their body weight, which is due to birth stress and adaptation to the world around them.
Throughout this time, the newborn eats only colostrum, which is produced in small quantities, which has a bad effect on the child’s weight. After discharge from the hospital, the lost mass begins to gradually recover. But in the case of a difficult birth, stress in a newborn can last up to 4 weeks, and therefore the baby will gain weight much more slowly.
Therefore, the rate of weight gain must be assessed not over a few days, but over a whole month. We must not forget that the body weight of a newborn begins to increase only 7-10 days after its birth.
According to the norm, over the next three weeks the child should gain about 400 grams. Now we need to observe how much he recovers in the 5th week of his life - if the weight gain is more than 150-200 grams, then this is an excellent indicator.
So how can you determine how much weight your newborn is gaining each week? There is nothing complicated about this: weigh him on the same day, at the same time, on the same scales and in the same clothes, every week.
For example, you weighed your baby on Wednesday at 13:00. Therefore, the next weigh-in should take place 7 days later at the same time - 13 o'clock in the afternoon. The difference in these indicators will be your weekly weight gain.
After eliminating such feeding errors, the baby’s weight will begin to recover without additional feeding.
Weight loss in a newborn may occur due to lack of breast milk. What could affect this?
As you can see, everything is done individually, and it is simply impossible to determine exactly how much weight a particular baby should gain. But, if your child is always in a good mood and full of health, and at the same time does not have a special appetite, then this is not a reason for concern! But, if he is whiny and does not sleep at night, while eating practically nothing, then there is a reason to urgently consult a doctor!