Krasnogorsk Udmurtia. In what weather is the sun more dangerous?

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Krasnogorskoe- a village in Udmurtia, the administrative center of the Krasnogorsk district and the Krasnogorskoye municipality.

Geography

The village is located 140 kilometers north of the capital of Udmurtia - the city of Izhevsk and 55 kilometers south of the city of Glazov. The village is decorated with a cascade of three ponds on the Ubyt River, surrounded by wonderfully beautiful nature and many forests.

Story

The village of Svyatogorskoye was officially opened by the Decree of the Vyatka Spiritual Consistory on April 1, 1837. According to the 1873 population census, in the “Svyatogorsk village of the Syurzyan volost of the Glazov district of the Vyatka province” near the Ubyt river there lived residents of “22 males and 29 females”, there were 10 wooden houses. In 1891 it became a volost center. In August 1918, a peasant uprising against Soviet power took place in Svyatogorye, suppressed by a Red Army detachment under the command of Baryshnikov that arrived from Glazov. In 1935, the village of Svyatogorskoye was renamed Baryshnikovo - in honor of the first secretary of the Udmurt regional committee of the CPSU (b), then, when he was arrested in the thirties, it received its current name - Krasnogorskoye. A universal name, of which there were many on the map of the Soviet Union. During the perestroika years, they twice wanted to return the village to its previous name, but the majority of the population opposed the renaming.

Population

Almost half (46.83%) of the population of the entire district live in Krasnogorsk.

National composition

Excerpt characterizing Krasnogorskoye (Udmurtia)

But I wanted more!.. Some kind of scorching thirst burned my brain, begging me not to stop! The unfamiliar world beckoned and bewitched with its pristineness!.. I wanted to plunge into it headlong and, plunging deeper and deeper, draw from it endlessly, without missing a single moment, without wasting a single precious minute... which, as I understood, there was very, very little of me left here... Each new plate revealed itself to me with thousands of stunning images, which were surprisingly bright and now somehow understandable, as if I had suddenly found a magic key to them that had long been lost by someone. Time flew by, but I didn’t notice it... I wanted more and more. And it was very scary that right now someone would definitely stop me, and it would be time to leave this wonderful storehouse of someone’s incredible memory, which I would never again be able to comprehend. It was very sad and painful, but, unfortunately, I had no way back. I chose my life myself and was not going to renounce it. Even if it was incredibly difficult...
- Well, that's all, honey. I can't show you anymore. You are an “apostate” who did not want to find out... And your way here is closed. But I’m sincerely sorry, Isidora... You have a great Gift! You could easily DO all this... If you wanted to. Not everyone has it that easy... Your nature craves it. But you chose a different path, so you must leave now. My thoughts will be with you, child of Light. Walk with FAITH, let it help you. Goodbye Isidora...
The room disappeared... We found ourselves in some other stone room, also filled with many scrolls, but they looked different, perhaps not as ancient as the previous ones. I suddenly felt very sad... To the point of pain in my soul, I wanted to comprehend these other people’s “secrets”, to see the wealth hidden in them, but I left... never to return here.
- Think, Isidora! – as if sensing my doubt, Sever said quietly. – You haven’t left yet, stay.
I just shook my head negatively...
Suddenly my attention was attracted by a familiar, but still incomprehensible phenomenon - as we moved forward, the room lengthened here as we walked further. But if in the previous room I didn’t see a soul, then here, as soon as I looked around, I saw a lot of people - young and old, men and women. There were even children here!.. They were all studying something very carefully, completely withdrawing into themselves, and detachedly comprehending some “wise truths”... Not paying any attention to those who entered.
– Who are all these people, North? Do they live here? – I asked in a whisper.
– These are Witches and Sorcerers, Isidora. Your father was once one of them... We train them.
My heart ached... I wanted to howl in a wolf’s voice, feeling sorry for myself and my short lost life!.. Throwing everything away, sit down with them, with these happy Sorcerers and Witches, in order to know with my mind and heart the whole depth of the wonderful, so generously revealed to them great KNOWLEDGE! Burning tears were ready to flow like a river, but I tried with my last strength to somehow hold them back. There was no way to do this, since tears were another “forbidden luxury” to which I had no right if I considered myself a real Warrior. The soldiers did not cry. They fought and won, and if they died, it certainly wasn’t with tears in their eyes... Apparently, I was just very tired. From loneliness and pain... From constant fear for my family... From an endless struggle in which I did not have the slightest hope of emerging victorious. I really needed a breath of fresh air, and that air for me was my daughter, Anna. But for some reason, she was nowhere to be seen, although I knew that Anna was here, with them, on this wonderful and strange, “closed” land.
Sever stood next to me on the edge of the gorge, and deep sadness lurked in his gray eyes. I wanted to ask him - will I ever see him? But there was not enough strength. I didn't want to say goodbye. I didn't want to leave. Life here was so wise and calm, and everything seemed so simple and good!.. But there, in my cruel and imperfect world, good people were dying, and it was time to return to try to save at least someone... This is for real was my world, no matter how scary it was. And my father, who remained there, perhaps suffered cruelly, unable to escape from the clutches of Caraffa, whom I firmly decided, no matter what the cost, to destroy, even if for this I had to give up my short and so dear to me life...

Krasnogorskoe- a large village in the northern part of Udmurtia, the administrative center and largest settlement of the region of the same name. Almost half of the district’s population lives in Krasnogorskoye. Ethnically, the inhabitants are approximately equally represented by Russians and Udmurts. Krasnogorskoe lies 140 kilometers north of Izhevsk, located in the upper reaches of the Ubyt River. A cascade of ponds has been created on the river within the village.

Story

The official founding date is 1837. However, the settlement existed before. The foundation date is associated with the consecration of the new church and the founding of the parish. In addition, a stone church was built on the site of an old wooden one. The village was called Svyatogorskoe and in 1837 it had a population of fifty people. Before the revolution, the village was part of the Glazov district of the Vyatka province and in the last decades before the collapse of the empire it was a volost center.

In 1918, an anti-Soviet peasant uprising broke out in Svyatogorsk. It was successfully suppressed by Red Army troops under the command of Baryshnikov. In 1935, the village was renamed in honor of this red commander, who became the secretary of the Udmurt regional committee. However, three years later he was arrested, Baryshnikovo was renamed again - to Krasnogorskoye. The village became a regional center a little earlier - in 1929.

Attractions

The main architectural landmark of Krasnogorskoye is the very church from which the village dates its history - the Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary. This is a red stone building in the pseudo-Russian style with a bell tower and a drum. During Soviet times, the temple was closed, returning to believers after the collapse of the USSR.

Geography

The village is located 140 kilometers north of the capital of Udmurtia - the city of Izhevsk and 55 kilometers south of the city of Glazov. The village is decorated with a cascade of three ponds on the Ubyt River, surrounded by wonderfully beautiful nature and many forests.

Story

The village of Svyatogorskoye was officially opened by the Decree of the Vyatka Spiritual Consistory on April 1, 1837. According to the 1873 population census, in the “Svyatogorsk village of the Syurzyan volost of the Glazov district of the Vyatka province” near the Ubyt river there lived residents of “22 males and 29 females”, there were 10 wooden houses. In 1891 it became a volost center. In August 1918, a peasant uprising against Soviet power took place in Svyatogorye, suppressed by a Red Army detachment under the command of Baryshnikov that arrived from Glazov. In 1935, the village of Svyatogorskoye was renamed Baryshnikovo - in honor of the first secretary of the Udmurt regional committee of the CPSU (b), then, when he was arrested in the thirties, it received its current name - Krasnogorskoye. A universal name, of which there were many on the map of the Soviet Union. During the perestroika years, they twice wanted to return the village to its previous name, but the majority of the population opposed the renaming.

Population

Almost half (46.83%) of the population of the entire district live in Krasnogorsk.

National composition

Russians and Udmurts are in approximately equal proportions, which is typical for most large settlements in Udmurtia.

Economy

  • OJSC "Rostelecom" branch in UR
  • Sharkan knitting factory workshop
  • SE "Krasnogorsk Pharmacy No. 24"
  • Krasnogorsk district consumer society
  • LLC "Energia"
  • LLC "Sever"
  • LLC "Temp"
  • Branch of the State Unitary Enterprise UR Udmurtavtodor "Krasnogorsky DU"
  • Krasnogorsk section of Glazov electrical networks
  • Krasnogorsk gas section, Glazovgaz branch of RAO Udmurtgaz
  • GU UR "Krasnogorskoe forestry"
  • "Krasnogorskles" branch of the State Institution "Udmurtles"

Gallery

    Svyatogorskoe-centr.jpg

    District honor board in the center of the village

    Svyatogorskoye-prud.JPG

    Krasnogorsk pond

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Notes

Excerpt characterizing Krasnogorskoye (Udmurtia)

- Yes, it’s good... good well-being! Today Varvara Ivanovna told me how different our troops are. You can certainly attribute it to honor. And the people have completely rebelled, they stop listening; My girl started being rude too. Soon they will start beating us too. You can't walk on the streets. And most importantly, the French will be here tomorrow, what can we expect! “I ask one thing, mon cousin,” said the princess, “order me to be taken to St. Petersburg: whatever I am, I cannot live under Bonaparte’s rule.”
- Come on, ma cousine, where do you get your information from? Against…
- I will not submit to your Napoleon. Others want it... If you don't want to do it...
- Yes, I will do it, I’ll order it now.
The princess was apparently annoyed that there was no one to be angry with. She sat down on a chair, whispering something.
“But this is being conveyed to you incorrectly,” said Pierre. “Everything is quiet in the city, and there is no danger.” I was reading just now...” Pierre showed the princess the posters. – The Count writes that he answers with his life that the enemy will not be in Moscow.
“Oh, this count of yours,” the princess spoke angrily, “is a hypocrite, a villain who himself incited the people to rebel.” Wasn’t he the one who wrote in those stupid posters that whoever he was, drag him by the crest to the exit (and how stupid)! Whoever takes it, he says, will have honor and glory. So I was quite happy. Varvara Ivanovna said that her people almost killed her because she spoke French...
“Yes, it’s so... You take everything very much to heart,” said Pierre and began to play solitaire.
Despite the fact that the solitaire had worked out, Pierre did not go to the army, but remained in empty Moscow, still in the same anxiety, indecision, in fear and at the same time in joy, expecting something terrible.
The next day, the princess left in the evening, and his chief manager came to Pierre with the news that the money he required to outfit the regiment could not be obtained unless one estate was sold. The general manager generally represented to Pierre that all these undertakings of the regiment were supposed to ruin him. Pierre had difficulty hiding his smile as he listened to the manager’s words.
“Well, sell it,” he said. - What can I do, I can’t refuse now!
The worse the state of affairs, and especially his affairs, was, the more pleasant it was for Pierre, the more obvious it was that the catastrophe he was waiting for was approaching. Almost none of Pierre's acquaintances were in the city. Julie left, Princess Marya left. Of the close acquaintances, only the Rostovs remained; but Pierre did not go to them.
On this day, Pierre, in order to have fun, went to the village of Vorontsovo to see a large balloon that was being built by Leppich to destroy the enemy, and a test balloon that was supposed to be launched tomorrow. This ball was not ready yet; but, as Pierre learned, it was built at the request of the sovereign. The Emperor wrote to Count Rastopchin the following about this ball:
“Aussitot que Leppich sera pret, composez lui un equipage pour sa nacelle d"hommes surs et intelligents et depechez un courrier au general Koutousoff pour l"en prevenir. Je l"ai instruit de la chose.
Recommandez, je vous prie, a Leppich d"etre bien attentif sur l"endroit ou il descendra la premiere fois, pour ne pas se tromper et ne pas tomber dans les mains de l"ennemi. Il est indispensable qu"il combine ses mouvements avec le general en chef.”
[As soon as Leppich is ready, assemble a crew for his boat of loyal and intelligent people and send a courier to General Kutuzov to warn him.
I informed him about this. Please instruct Leppich to pay careful attention to the place where he descends for the first time, so as not to make a mistake and not fall into the hands of the enemy. It is necessary that he coordinate his movements with the movements of the commander-in-chief.]
Returning home from Vorontsov and driving along Bolotnaya Square, Pierre saw a crowd at Lobnoye Mesto, stopped and got off the droshky. It was the execution of a French chef accused of espionage. The execution had just ended, and the executioner was untying a pitifully moaning fat man with red sideburns, blue stockings and a green camisole from the mare. Another criminal, thin and pale, stood right there. Both, judging by their faces, were French. With a frightened, painful look, similar to that of the thin Frenchman, Pierre pushed through the crowd.

Krasnogorsk district is located in the west of Udmurtia, bordering the Kirov region. It occupies 1.9 thousand square kilometers. The center is the village of Krasnogorskoye (until 1938 - the village of Svyatogorye) located on the Ubyt River, a tributary of Cheptsy, 59 km south of Glazov.

Physical Geography and Nature

The territory of the region lies on the vast Krasnogorsk Upland, on the watershed of two large tributaries of the Vyatka River - Cheptsa and Kilmezi. The Kilmez River, which has a total length of 270 km and flows into Vyatka in the Urzhum district of the Kirov region, originates in a forest in the southeast of the region. Within the Krasnogorsk region there are also the sources of several large tributaries Kilmezi (Ut) and Cheptsy (Ubyt, Sepych).

The region is characterized by a high degree of forest cover: almost 64% of its territory is covered with forest. Pine and birch are common, and larch is sometimes found. Some forest areas have been declared natural monuments.

There are deposits of peat, sand and clay. Oil is present in small quantities.

Krasnogorsk district is the only one in Udmurtia where cloudberries and dwarf birch grow. 2 species of rare plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia, 46 species in the Red Book of Udmurtia. Krasnogorsk district is the heart of the spring region. The Kilmez River, a large left tributary of the Vyatka, originates here, giving its name to the tribes of the northern Udmurts Kalmez. There are 35 rivers in the district, 34 of which begin their journey from the district’s springs. The most interesting are the following specially protected natural areas (SPNA):

The village is decorated with a cascade of three ponds on the Ubyt River, surrounded by wonderfully beautiful nature

  • State natural botanical reserve "Andreevsky Pine Forest", located in the quarters of the Svyatogorsk district forestry, with a total area of ​​901.8 hectares.
  • State natural botanical reserve "Kokmansky", located on an area of ​​1821 hectares in the Kokmansky district forestry.
  • SPNA "Verkhshamovskie swamps" is located in the quarters of the Svyatogorsk district forestry on an area of ​​668 hectares.
  • SPNA "Kilmezsky" is located in the quarters of the Kokman district forestry on an area of ​​530 hectares.

Story

The regional center, the village of Krasnogorskoye, traces its history back to the 1830s, when an Orthodox parish was formed on this site; in the same year, a small wooden church that previously stood in the village of Yukamenskoye was brought here. In 1883, a school was opened at the church. At that time the village was called Svyatogorsk; it received its current name in the 1930s. In 1900, a new stone church was opened in Svyatogorsk.

The village of Valamaz acquired great economic importance during the Soviet period. Founded, presumably, in the last years of the 18th century, it became known thanks to the activities of the Urzhum merchant Lazar Matveev, who founded a glass factory there in 1870. In 1927, Valamaz officially became an urban-type settlement, but in 1992, when the economy began to decline, it again became a village. In 1996, the plant finally closed.

The area, which is part of the modern Krasnogorsk region, is part of one of the historical regions of settlement of Russian Old Believers. Many residents are descendants of Old Believers, who, after church reform, moved to these sparsely populated places from the lands of Central Russia.

The Svyatogorsk administrative district was formed in 1929. Later it was renamed Bryshnikovsky, and then, in July 1938, it became known as Krasnogorsky.

Symbolism

The flag of the Krasnogorsk region is green. At the bottom there is a red segment in the form of a mountain on which a white elk stands. Red Mountain reflects the geographical and historical characteristics of the area: Red Mountain is the hill that gave its name to the village of Krasnogorskoye. Elk is a symbol of beauty and nobility; in addition, it indicates the richness of the animal world of this area. Above it, in the center of the green cloth, there is a black arrow, which reflects the historical features of local life, where hunting has always played a significant role. At the top of the flag there is a symbol of Udmurtia - a bird-man, with a traditional red Udmurt cross.

Population

The total number of residents of the district is 9.2 thousand people, which makes it one of the most sparsely populated regions of the republic. The population is mainly concentrated in its northern part, and in the south and east there are almost no villages and hamlets. The vast majority of the population is Russian; Udmurts and Tatars also live.

The largest settlements are the administrative center of the district - the village of Krasnogorskoye (4.3 thousand inhabitants), as well as the village of Agricole (0.7 thousand), the village of Valamaz (0.7 thousand), the village of Kurya (0.4 thousand). ).

Farm

The economy of the region is based on agriculture. Meat and dairy farming has been developed, and flax is grown. Mining is carried out, in particular peat extraction.

Transport

The main road junction of the region is the village of Krasnogorskoye. Local roads depart from it, connecting the regional center with other settlements in the region, as well as with neighboring ones - Yukamensky, Glazovsky, Igrinsky. The village has a bus station with regular passenger bus services to Izhevsk, Glazov, Yukamensky, as well as to the immediate surroundings; the journey from Krasnogorsk to the capital of the republic, the city of Izhevsk, takes about three hours, to Glazov - half as much.

Notable residents of the area

* Olga Leonardovna Knipper-Chekhova (1868 - 1959), People's Artist of the USSR, famous actress of the Moscow Art Theater and wife of the Russian writer A.P. Chekhov. Among the founders of the Moscow Art Theater. .

Attractions

The main wealth of the Krasnogorsk region is its nature. On the territory of the region there are several of the most interesting natural objects, which, first of all, include the botanical reserves “Kokmansky” and “Andreevsky Sosnovy Bor”, established in 2005. Their total area exceeds 2.5 thousand hectares, and within their borders you can find landscapes unique to Udmurtia and many rare plants. On the territory of local reserves there are ecological trails convenient for walking and exploring the area.

Some other natural sites and protected areas are also of interest, including the Valamazsky State Beaver Hunting Reserve, where beaver habitats are protected.

You can learn about the history of the Krasnogorsk region at the regional museum of local lore in the village of Krasnogorskoye. The Orthodox Church, an architectural monument of the late 19th century, also deserves attention.

In the center of Udmurt culture, the village of Deby will introduce you to the peculiarities of life and everyday life of the northern Udmurts; Those interested can get acquainted with the Baranovsky Old Believer ensemble “Spinning”, whose members carefully preserve household utensils, customs and traditions of the Old Believers.

The north of Udmurtia - the upper reaches of the Vyatka and Kama - began to be settled in the 10th-14th centuries by the ancestors of the Udmurts, as well as other Finno-Ugric peoples, and then by the Russians, who came here in the 14th-15th centuries. The Russians came from the Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal and Galician principalities, the northern possessions of the Rostov princes, the Vologda and Dvina lands. The Vyatka land became part of the Moscow principality in 1498. In the 16th century, population censuses were regularly carried out in Vyatka, so the names of the first Vyatichi are known - from service people to ordinary peasants.

Unfortunately, many documents on population censuses of the Vyatka Territory have not survived, and these censuses were incomplete in terms of coverage of the territory, so the history of the creation of some settlements in the Cheptsa basin is not reflected anywhere; one can only make assumptions about their real age. There are no Krasnogorsk settlements in the 1615 census yet. The censuses of 1646 and 1678 were carried out more carefully; it was then that the villages of Bolshaya and Malaya Igra, which are considered the oldest settlements in the region, appeared on the list of settlements. Based on the materials of the second revision of 1744, Deby, Kurya, Bolshoi Seleg appear on the map (information published on the website of the Administration of the President and Government of Udmurtia).

In the 18th century, our region was divided along the Cheptsa and Kilmezi watershed between the Vyatka and Kazan provinces, then called counties. On the map of that time, published in the book “Handbook on the administrative-territorial division of Udmurtia” (Izhevsk, 1985), there are Kurya, Seleg, Porez, Mal.Polom, Valamaz, which ended up in the “Kazan” part of Udmurtia, and Deby - on Chepetsk, Vyatka side. Unfortunately, there are no documents about the population census in the Kurya side even in the famous book by P.P. Luppov “Documents on the history of Udmurtia in the 15th - 17th centuries.”

The administrative division of Russia changed more than once in the 17th-19th centuries. In 1841, volosts were created that united several dozen villages located relatively close to each other. Moreover, the center of the volost was not in the largest settlement, but in the one that was located approximately in the middle of the volost. For example, the 4th camp of the Glazov district included the Mukhinsky volost with the villages of Kurinsky, Vasilyevsky and Kokmansky plant; Ledentsovskaya (a now defunct village between Seleg and Unya) - the villages of Valamazskoye, Selezhskoye, Utinskoye. The 3rd camp included the Syurzinsky volost (in the now small village of Syurzyane) with the villages of Svyatogorsk, Debinsky, and Arkhangelsky. In total, there were 42 volosts and 2,747 villages in the district.

The most detailed list of populated areas of the present Krasnogorsk region, which existed in the mid-19th century, is in the “List of populated places of the Russian Empire according to information from 1859 -1873,” which was the first to become acquainted with the founder of our museum, Vladimir Ivanovich Mogilev, who transferred extracts from the document to the regional archive. In the list, all settlements are given with distances from Glazov and the names of the rivers on which they are located. There is also a population size, in total it amounted to 13,235 people - 6,102 men and 7,133 women. The list includes three villages (Svyatogorskoe, Bolshaya Kurya, Valamaz - Seltinsky), one factory (Kokmansky), eight villages (Tarakanovo, Deby, Bolshaya and Malaya Igra, Ubytdur, Novo-Churino, Staroe Kychino and Malyagurt), the rest are repairs. Larger and older settlements had the status of villages. For example, in Malyagurta (former name - Serdeybyk) 449 people lived in 49 households! It seems to me that this is an even older settlement than the Big and Small Games, it’s just that census takers didn’t find it at the time.

A fairly complete list of settlements of that time can be found in church documents published in the book “Orthodox Temples of Udmurtia” - each parish had its own villages and hamlets. In particular, the Alexander Nevsky Church of the village of Deby was treated in 1885: p. Fittings, repairs: Silemsky, Above the Venizh key, Verkh on Ubyti nad Venizh, Kinmemsky, Verkh - Ubytsky, Guzhnoshursky, Verkh - Debinsky, Chumovaisky, Ubytsky Karaul, Old Polkar, Tutuevsky, Alekseevsky. These names reflect the current settlements of the Krasnogorsk and Yukamensky districts. In 1893, the village was assigned to the Vasilyevskaya Church. Vasilyevskoye, villages Kosarginskaya, Ogorodnikovskaya, repairs Ardashevsky, Khlebnikovsky, Proninsky, Bogachevsky, Pesterinsky, Proninsky, Yamnovsky, Shekhrovsky, Vasilievsky, Kiselevsky.

It is interesting that church documents in the archives have been preserved quite completely. So, the church in the village of Svyatogorsk has had them since its opening in 1837! These are reports on the composition of the clergy, metric books, etc. Unfortunately, local historians have hardly studied these materials, although they could provide rich material about the composition of the population of Svyatogorsk villages, birth rates, deaths at that time, and about the clergy of our churches. For example, in one of the church reports for 1838 it is said that in the Svyatogorsk parish there live: Orthodox men - 723 men and 815 women, schismatics - 60 and 74, respectively, that is, a total of 1772 people. This is the smallest parish among the forty Udmurt parishes of the Vyatka province. That is, the territory of what is now the main part of the region was then sparsely populated. The small number of schismatics (Old Believers) is also surprising. This means that they began to settle here a little later, in the middle of the 19th century. But for comparison, let’s say that in the same year only 1,185 people lived in the city of Glazov. However, there are other figures according to which, for the same year 1838, 3,433 people lived in the Svyatogorsk parish - Orthodox Russians and Udmurts, as well as schismatics, of whom there were 762 people. Apparently, it’s a matter of the number of villages covered by the census.

However, already at the beginning of the twentieth century, about 30 thousand people lived in settlements in the territory of the present Krasnogorsk region - three times more than now! During collectivization, 155 collective farms were created in the region, one for each village. Now there are less than seventy settlements in the area. This is how administrative changes took place during the Soviet period.

In 1917-1919, the borders that existed during tsarist times were only partially changed. For example, on September 8, 1918, Selegovskaya volost was formed from the villages of Ledentsovskaya and Vasilievskaya volosts.

On November 4, 1920, by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Votsk Autonomous Region was formed, and on January 5, 1921, its borders were approved. Glazovsky district included Valamazskaya (formed from part of Ledentsovskaya), Vasilievskaya, Svyatogorsk, Selegovskaya volosts. By decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of December 8, 1921, a new division was approved, according to which 19 out of 27 volosts remained in the Glazov district: this was explained by the need to reduce the staff of officials. Instead of all the “Krasnogorsk” volosts, only Svyatogorsk remained, and Vasilievskaya, Selegovskaya, Valamazskaya moved to Seltinsky district. On July 28, 1924, Glazovsky district included Svyatogorskaya and Kurinskaya enlarged volosts, the latter consisting of the former Vasilyevskaya and Selegovskaya volosts and transferred from the abolished Seltinsky district.

At this time in Kurinskaya The volost included 5 village councils, where in 1926 12,565 people lived, only Russians:

1. Bolshepolomsky centered in with B. Paul. Villages: villages of Bukhma, Bushmeli, Zaimki, agricultural artel "Zautinsky Eagle", Maly Polom, Mosenki, Pogudino, Popovnyata, Puga, Ryabinovtsy, Tarasenki, Usynyata, mills: Bolshepolomskaya, Bukhminskaya, Bushmelevskaya, Ryabinovskaya, Tarasenskaya, Myasnikov farm, Pochinok Malye Chuvash .

2. Vasilievsky with its center in this village. Villages: villages of Artyk, Kosargi, Kolotovtsy, Ogorodniki, Rozhki, Khlebniki, Chernyshi, mills Artykskaya, Demidovskaya, Klabukovskaya, Pesterinskaya, Chernyshevskaya, repairs Butyrsky, Vasiliev, Demidovtsy, Korovkintsy, Melnichenki, Pesteri, Pronintsy, Savastyanovtsy, Shokhrovo, Yamnovtsy.

3. Kurinskaya centered in this village . Villages: the villages of Batanikha, Bolshie Kotlyaki, Kurya, Malye Kotlyaki, Mukhino, Prozvon, Rai, Samushenki, Chumaki, Shashi and five mills where people lived.

4. Osipinsky with the center of this village. Villages: the villages of Barany, Vozhgalitsy, Galitsy, Karkalay, Korobyata, Logovo (a village and the village of the same name), Lukashinskaya, Mosintsy, Osipintsy, Polyantsy, Selifonovtsy, Sukhovtsy, Yudino, Kokmansky, plant, Kokmansky state farm, Korobovsky settlement, repair Suslopara and five mills .

5. Selegovsky with its center in the village of the same name. Villages: the villages of Votskoye Big, Gerasimovtsy, Dyupyata, Ramentsy, Selifonovtsy, Seleg Big and Small, Kharyushata, Chuvash Big, the village of Lukoshechnoye Big and the village of Lukoshechnoye Small, Alekseevskoe Agricultural Partnership, agricultural artel "Sukhoi Klyuch", Pervomaiskaya Agricultural Artel, repairs Afonintsy, Votskoye Small, Zharkiye, Mokhovtsi, Sychi, the Dupin farm, the Krivtsov farm, four mills.

In 1925, the disaggregation of village councils was carried out. In the Artyk village council, the village of Yamnovo and the village of Artyk additionally appeared. The lists include 23 mills where people lived. The villages of Anikintsy, Kiseli, Klabuki, Smolniki were transferred from Kurinsky volost to Svyatogorsk (although the last three are not on the 1924 list).

The volost was liquidated in 1929, when districts were created, with Bolshepolomsky, Kurinsky, Selegovsky and Sychevsky village councils included in the Yukamensky district, the other four in Svyatogorsky.

Svyatogorsk parish created on July 28, 1924 as part of five village councils, where, according to data for 1926, 17,193 people lived:

  1. Otogurtsky with its center in the village of the same name. It included Karaul Votsky and Karaul Russky, Zotovo, as well as villages now included in the Yukamensky and Glazovsky districts.
  2. Prokhorovsky with the center in the village of Prokhorovo. Villages: s. Arkhangelskoye, villages of Afenovtsy, Belyaevtsy, Burovtsy, Efremovtsy, Zakhvataytsy, Kvaka, Krysovo, Lukashintsy, Nefedovtsy, Novobelyaevtsy, Novokachkashur, Novokulemintsy, Ordes, Porez, Ryabinovtsy, Samodelkino, Smolniki, Sozonovo, Shishi, repairs Baranovsky, Veretennikovsky.
  3. Svyatogorsky with its center in Svyatogorye. Villages: the villages of Andreevskoye, Verovay Verkhniy, Varovay Nizhny, Zhuzhintsy, Igra Bolshaya, Igra Malaya, Kasatkino, Kotomka, Kulemino, Kychino Staroe, Ryabovo, Malyagurt, Syurzyanskoye, Tarakanovo, Tura, Butorina farm, Kopysova farm, agricultural farm "Urnek". The villages of Anikintsy, Klabuki, Kiseli, and Smolniki were transferred from Kurinsky volost to Svyatogorsk.
  4. Shudessky with its center in the village of Keldysh. Villages: the villages of “Baghyr Upper”, “Bagyr Nizhny”, Doshkopi, Isakovo, Kochino, Karaul Novy, Larionovo, Nikonovtsy, Novochurinskoe, Pershintsy, Potapovo, Rylovtsy, Ubytdur, Yunga.
  5. Yagoshursky with its center in the village of Stary Kachkashur. Villages: villages of Verkh-Dasos, Elovo, Zasekovo, Zaubit, Ivanovtsy, Kenovay, Kondrashonki, Mishintsy, Murza, Nikulinskaya, Novokychino, Nokhrintsy, Petrushintsy, Sillem, Tuktashevskaya, Chumovay, village Deby, Pochinok Krysovo (Antipenki).

In 1925, Svyatogorsk volost was divided into nine village councils: Arkhangelsky, Votsko-Karaulsky, Debinsky, Malyagurtsky, Novochurinsky, Otogurtsky, Prokhorovsky, Svyatogorsky, Starokachkashursky. The volost was liquidated in 1929 due to the creation of districts.

Valamaz was formed after the construction of a glass factory in 1870, which on maps was called the “Valamazsky Factory”. Although even in the reference book on the administrative division of Udmurtia mentioned above, you can read that the village of Valamaz, where a church was opened in 1846 (there was never a church in our Valamaz), gradually turned into the village of “Valamaz Plant” - and these settlements are separated by 12 kilometers . By the way, in the Seltinsky volost in 1924 there were Valamaz Podgorny, Valamaz Nagorny, Valamaz Maly, a farmstead and the village of Valamazsky - it’s easy to get confused. Before the revolution and in the first years of Soviet power, the village was part of the Glazovsky district, from 1921 to 1934 - in the Seltinsky district and Seltinsky volost. In 1935 it became part of the Baryshnikovsky district. In economic terms, it was such a noticeable enterprise on the scale of Udmurtia that it was indicated on all maps, and sometimes it was considered a regional center, since Svyatogorskoye-Krasnogorskoye was absent from maps of the USSR.

Svyatogorsk district formed 80 years ago - on July 15, 1929 from the village councils of Svyatogorsk and Kurinskaya volosts, consisting of 13 village councils: Artyksky, Arkhangelsky, Vasilyevsky, Votsko-Karaulsky, Debinsky, Doshkopievsky, Malyagurtsky, Osipinsky, Otogurtsky, Pesterinsky, Prokhorovsky, Svyatogorsky, Starokachkashursky. However, already on November 3, 1929, the Votsko-Karaulsky and Artyksky village councils were abolished. Here is the description given to Svyatogorye when choosing a settlement for Yoros center in 1929: “The population is 173 people, of which 29 are Udmurts. The center of an enlarged volost. The nearest railway station is in Balezino, 50 versts away. The largest shopping center in eros, there are 12 retail establishments with an annual turnover of about 160 thousand rubles. There are weekly markets and three fairs a year. There is a postal and telegraph agency, a primary school and a library, a hospital, a veterinary assistant station, an agronomic and judicial department, and a forestry office.” For comparison, 104 people lived in Yukamensky at that time, there were 13 trading establishments with an annual turnover of about 180 thousand people. In Glazov - 659 people.

On January 1, 1932, the district was liquidated, its village councils were transferred to the Yukamensky district, and Otogurtsky - to the Glazovsky district.

The district was restored on January 8, 1935, first as Svyatogorsk (population - 27,200 people), and from March 9, 1935 to 1938 - as Baryshnikovsky. On July 10, 1938, the district center was renamed Krasnogorskoye, the district - Krasnogorsky, consisting of 15 village councils and the village of Valamaz. By the way, no other district in Udmurtia was renamed. At the same time, the names of villages with religious and national connotations were also corrected. The village of Rai became Dubrovo, Popovnyata - Podgornaya (1939). In 1940, Maloe Votskoye became Malinovka, Bolshoye Votskoye became Vinogradovo.

It was before the war, or rather during collectivization, that the process of disappearance of small settlements began. In 1941, the village of Alekseevsky, the village of Ardes, the village of Nizhny Varavay, the village of Myasnikovo, Pochinok Nikulenki, the village of Sukhoi Klyuch were excluded from the register; in 1954, the village of Kholui was renamed Sosnovka. Since 1955, some village councils were united, leaving ten of them in the area and the village of Valamaz.

In 1957, the villages of Zaubyt and Isakovo were excluded from the register; in 1960, the cordons Kordon-trassa, Kotlov Omut, and Mosintsy were excluded from the register; the Novochurinsky village council was abolished. In 1962, the villages of Kocish, Podgornoye, and Yamnovo were deregistered.

On December 8, 1962, the Krasnogorsk district was again abolished during the Khrushchev administrative and economic reform, its territory was mainly transferred to the Balezinsky district, the Selegovsky and Kurinsky village councils - to the Glazovsky, Valamaz and Kokman in the Igrinsky industrial district. After this division, not only workers of the district committee and executive committee, but also the police, military registration and enlistment office and other organizations were forced to move with their families to Balezino. However, since January 1965, the district was restored as a part of 8 village councils and one village council.

At the same time, the results of the fight against “unpromising” villages became visible and the population decline after the Great Patriotic War, as well as the demographic and social processes of the post-war years, became clearly visible. For example, after the universal introduction of passports, rural residents were able to freely leave their places for cities or other regions. A process began that many publicists now call the tragedy of the village: the rural population began to rapidly decline, and settlements simply disappeared from the map. Look at this list, which resembles the inscriptions on grave monuments.

In 1967, the villages of Varavay and Pronintsy were excluded from the register, in 1969 - Afonintsy, Varavay, Kondrashenki, Afenovo, Porez, Malinovsky cordon, Yudinsky barracks, the village of Malye Kotlyaki and Pokrovka, in 1970 - Komary, Prozvon, Suslopary, Larionovo, Chemoshur , barracks Anisimovy Meadows, in 1975 - Yunga, Kolotovo, Yudino, Khlebniki, Silem, Zhuzhintsy, Maly Polom, Krysovo, Krasny Poselok and Samodelkino, Vinogradovo and Dyupyata, Zautinsky Orel, Malinovka, Maly Seleg, Kharyushata. In 1976 - Mokhovtsy, May Day, Bolshoye Lukoshechnoye, Petrunino. In 1977 - Zharkiye, Maloye Lukoshechnoye, Horns, Lair, Adopted. In 1978 - Veretennikovo, Ryabinovo, Korobyata, Bolshiye Kotlyaki, Zaimki, Mosyata; in 1979 - Pokrovka, Ryabinovtsy, Bushmeli; in 1984 - Gerasimovtsy, Murza, Novochurino, Pershino, Sukhiye, Lupashino, Novoe Belyaevo; in 1986 - Kvaka, Nikonovo, Chumovay, Anikintsy, Doshkopi, Pesteri, Samushenki.

Only older people now know the names of these villages. They no longer say anything to the younger generation. Now a new trend has gained momentum: the settlements of the region are decreasing not in number, but in population. As already mentioned, the population fell three times compared to the pre-war period. Young people are leaving Krasnogorsk villages and villages; there are more and more elderly people in them, for whom it is already too late to look for a better life on the side. We can only hope that even with such a demographic situation, the Krasnogorsk region will remain alive.

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