Dowel-nail: structure, types and methods of fastening. Appendix B (recommended) Weights and dimensions

B.1 Fastening elements are designed for rigid fixation of window blocks to wall openings and for transferring wind and other operational loads to wall structures.

B.2 To fasten window frames to wall openings, depending on the design of the wall and the strength of the wall materials, various universal and special fasteners (parts and systems) are used, Figure B.1:

spacer frame (anchor) dowels, metal or plastic, complete with screws. Screws may have a countersunk or cylindrical head;
universal plastic dowels with locking screws;
construction screws;
flexible anchor plates.

Figure B.1. Examples of fasteners:

A - metal frame dowel; b - plastic frame dowel; c - universal plastic dowel with a locking screw; g - construction screws; d - flexible anchor plate

Screws, screws and plates are made of stainless steel or steel with an anti-corrosion zinc chromated coating with a thickness of at least 9 microns.

Fastening window frames and anchor plates to wall openings with nails is not permitted. If it is necessary to attach a window block to walls made of low-strength materials, the use of special polymer anchor systems is allowed.

B.3 Expansion metal frame anchor dowels are used to provide resistance to high shear forces when attaching window blocks to walls made of concrete, solid brick and with vertical voids, expanded clay concrete, aerated concrete, natural stone and other similar materials.

Expansion plastic frame dowels are used in aggressive environments to prevent contact corrosion, as well as for thermal insulation of the elements being connected.

The length of the dowels is determined by calculation depending on the operational loads, the size of the window block frame profile, the width of the installation gap and the wall material (the depth of the dowel embedded in the wall must be at least 40 mm, depending on the strength of the wall material). The diameter of the dowel is determined by calculation depending on the operational loads; In general, it is recommended to use dowels with a diameter of at least 8 mm. The dowel material is structural polyamide according to ND. For the manufacture of screws and screws, steels with a temporary tensile strength of at least 500 N/mm 2 are used.

B.4 The load-bearing capacity of frame dowels (permissible pullout loads) is taken according to the manufacturer’s technical documentation. Reference values for the load-bearing capacity (permissible pull-out and shear loads) of frame expansion dowels with a diameter of 10 mm are given in Table B.1.

B.5 Plastic dowels with locking screws are used for fastening window blocks to walls made of brick with vertical voids, hollow blocks, lightweight concrete, wood and other building materials with low compressive strength. The length and diameter of plastic dowels with locking screws are taken similarly to B.3. To attach window blocks to mounting wooden embedded elements and rough frames, the use of construction screws is allowed.

B.6 Flexible anchor plates are used for attaching window blocks to multilayer walls with effective insulation. Fastening to flexible anchor plates is also allowed when installing window blocks in other wall structures. Anchor plates are made of galvanized sheet steel with a thickness of at least 1.5 mm. The bending angle of the plate is selected locally and depends on the size of the installation gap. The plates are attached to the window blocks before they are installed in the openings using construction screws with a diameter of at least 5 mm and a length of at least 40 mm. Flexible anchor plates are attached to the inner layer of a multilayer wall with plastic dowels with locking screws (at least 2 fastening points for each plate) with a diameter of at least 6 mm and a length of at least 50 mm.

B.7 It is allowed to use other fastening elements and systems, the design and conditions of use of which are established in the technical documentation.

B.8 To seal the dowels in the wall opening, drill holes. The drilling mode is selected depending on the strength of the wall material. The following drilling modes are distinguished:

clean drilling mode (without impact) is recommended when preparing holes in hollow bricks, lightweight concrete blocks, polymer concrete;
drilling mode with light impacts is recommended when drilling holes in solid brick;
the perforation mode is recommended for concrete walls with a density of more than 700 kg/mi of structures made of natural stones.

B.9 The depth of drilling holes should be at least one screw diameter greater than the anchored part of the dowel. To ensure the calculated traction force, the diameter of the drilled hole should not exceed the diameter of the dowel itself, and the hole should be cleared of drilling waste. The distance from the edge of the building structure when installing dowels should not be less than twice the anchoring depth.

B.10 The location and configuration of fastening elements should not lead to the formation of thermal bridges that reduce the thermal parameters of the assembly seam.

Options for mounting window blocks to walls are shown in Figure B.2. The recommended minimum depths (screwing depth) of construction screws and dowel fits are given in Table B.2.

Figure B.2. Schemes for attaching window blocks to the side slopes of openings:

a - fastening with equal expansion dowels; b - fastening with construction screws; c - fastening using flexible anchor plates

B.11 The heads of dowels and locking screws should be buried in the internal fold of the box profile, the mounting holes should be closed with decorative caps (plugs)

10 kopecks BZ 2-90/84

GENERAL TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

GOST 28456-90

Official publication

STATE CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE OF THE USSR Mfskva

UDC 621.886:621.757.02:006.354 Group G31

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION EXPANSION PLUGS

General technical conditions

Expansion dowels for building. General specifications

Introduction date 01.01.9!

This standard applies to construction and installation expansion metal dowels (hereinafter referred to as dowels) of types ■climatic versions U3.1, UZ and UHLZ in accordance with GOST 15150, intended for fastening structures and equipment.

1. MAIN PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS

1.1. Dowels are divided into dowels-sleeves and dowels-studs.

1.2. Design, dimensions and designation of dowels-sleeves - according to GOST 27320, dowels-studs - according to GOST 28457.

1.3. The main thread dimensions are according to GOST 24705, the pitch is large according to GOST 8724, the run-off is normal according to GOST 27148.

1.4. Tolerance fields for external threads are 6g according to GOST 16093, internal threads are 6N according to GOST 16093. During the feasibility study, other tolerance fields are allowed in accordance with GOST 16093, provided that a gap is ensured during make-up.

1.5. Maximum deviations of dowel sizes are in accordance with GOST 25347.

2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Dowels must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

2.2. Requirements for materials and components

2.2.1. Details of dowels of the UZ climatic version. 1 according to GOST 15150 must be made of steel used for bolts of strength class 4.6 and higher according to GOST 1759.4.

Official publication Reproduction prohibited

Standards Publishing House, 1990

Delivered to embankment Shooting gallery 25909

Editor V. P. Ogurtsov Technical editor M. I. Maksimova Proofreader V. S. Chernaya

03.27.90 Sub. in the oven 18.Q5.90 #,75 el. p.l. 0.75 el. cr.-ott. 0.50 uch.-nzd. l.

Order “Badge of Honor* Standards Publishing House, 123557, Moscow, GSP, Noaopresnensky lane, 3 Type. "Moscow Printer". Moscow, Lyalin lane, 6. Zak. 1780

2.2.2. Details of dowels of climatic versions UZ and UHL in accordance with GOST 15150 must be made of steel in accordance with GOST 24379.0.

2.2.3. Dowel parts, which are subject to special requirements for corrosion resistance and heat resistance, must be made of steel in accordance with GOST 1759.0.

2.2.4. Dowel parts must have a zinc coating in accordance with I OST 9.301 and GOST 9.303. During the feasibility study, other types of metal anti-corrosion coatings are allowed in accordance with GOST 9.303.

2.2.5. The delivery package for dowel bushings must include parts in accordance with GOST 27320 in equal quantities.

2.2.6. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, the delivery set of dowel bushings additionally includes bolts in accordance with GOST 7798 with washers in accordance with GOST 6958 or studs in accordance with GOST 22040 with nuts and washers in accordance with GOST 6958 in quantities equal to the dowel bushings.

2.2.7. Dowel rods must be delivered to the consumer assembled in accordance with GOST 28457. Disassembly and replacement of dowel-stud parts before installation in consumer conditions is not allowed.

2.2.8. For dowel-studs, nuts should be used in accordance with GOST 5915, enlarged washers in accordance with GOST 6958, spring washers in accordance with GOST 6402.

2.2.9. For the manufacture of dowel parts, blanks should be used in accordance with GOST 2590 and GOST 7417,

2.3. Marking

2.3. D The marking of dowels must contain:

manufacturer's trademark;

product designation;

designation of the regulatory document whose requirements the product meets;

nominal thread diameter and climatic version;

date of manufacture.

2.3.2. Dowels should be marked on a tag attached to the outside of the package.

2.3.3. Marking should be done in a way that ensures clarity and safety of the inscriptions during transportation and storage of dowels.

2.4. Package

2.4.1. To pack dowels, containers should be used - non-collapsible wooden boxes in accordance with GOST 2991.

2.4.2. It is allowed to ship dowels in universal containers in accordance with GOST 18477, provided that the safety of the dowels is ensured during transportation.

GOST 28456-90 S. 3

2.4.3. Dowels of the same size must be placed in each package.

2.4.4. Each package or container must include a label in accordance with GOST 2.601.

3. ACCEPTANCE

3.1. To verify the compliance of dowels with the requirements of this standard, acceptance and periodic tests should be carried out.

3.2. During acceptance tests, you should check the certificates for the materials of the dowel parts according to paragraphs. 2.2.1-2.2.3, 2.2.9; availability of coverage according to clause 2.2.4; correct assembly of dowels according to clause 2.2.J; completeness according to paragraphs. 2.2.5, 2.2.6; labeling and packaging according to paragraphs. 2.3.1-2.4.4; as well as compliance of the component bolts, studs, nuts and washers with the requirements of paragraphs. 2.2.6, 2.2,8.

Acceptance tests should be carried out on a sample of at least 10% of the volume of each batch of dowels]"!, but not less than 10 pcs.

3.4. If negative results are obtained, repeated tests should be carried out with twice the number of dowels.

3.5. The results of repeated tests should be considered final.

If the results of repeated tests are negative, the batch of dowels should be rejected.

3.6. A sample of at least 10 pieces should be subjected to periodic testing. dowels of each size from those that have passed acceptance tests.

3.6.1. The frequency of testing must be established by the manufacturer, but at least once a year.

3.7. During periodic testing, the main dimensions of the dowels should be checked according to clause 1.2; main dimensions of dowel threads, thread pitch and run as per clause 1.3; deviations in thread sizes according to clause 1.4; deviations in dowel sizes according to clause 1.5; quality of coating according to clause 2.2.4.

3.8. The results of periodic tests should be considered negative if at least one of the indicators of the dowels according to clause 3.7 does not comply with the requirements of this standard.

3.8.1. If negative results of periodic tests are obtained, repeated tests should be carried out with twice the number of dowels.

3.8.2. It is allowed to carry out repeated tests for indicators for which negative results were obtained.

3.8.3. The results of repeated tests should be considered final.

4. CONTROL METHODS

4.1. Availability of coverage (clause 2.2.4); correct assembly of dowels (clause 2.2.7); completeness (clauses 2.2.5, 2.2.6), as well as markings and packaging are checked visually.

4.2. To measure the main dimensions of dowels according to clause 1.2, deviations in the dimensions of dowels according to clause 1.5, as well as the thread run-out of dowels according to clause 1.3, calipers in accordance with GOST 166 should be used,

4.3. The main thread dimensions of dowels (clause 1.3), deviation of thread sizes (clause 1.4) are checked using thread gauges in accordance with GOST 24939.

4.4. The thread pitch (clause 1.3) is checked using thread templates in accordance with GOST 519.

4.5. The quality of the coating (clause 2.2.4) is checked according to GOST 9.302.

5. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

5.1. Transportation of packaged dowels should be carried out in covered vehicles.

5.2. The conditions for transportation and storage of packaged dowels in terms of exposure to climatic factors of the external environment must comply with conditions 2 according to GOST 15150.

6. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

6.1. Dowels should be used for fastening structures and equipment to load-bearing building elements made of heavy concrete in accordance with GOST 25192 compressive strength classes B12.5 and higher" in accordance with SNiP 2.03.01 in accordance with design and technological documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

6.2. Dowel bushings should be used in accordance with the instructions of this standard and appendices 1 and 2 of GOST 27320.

6.3. The installation of dowel pins and fastening of the supporting part of the equipment or structure should be carried out in the sequence shown in the drawing.

6.4. The nominal dimensions of the holes for installing dowel-studs must correspond to the diameter and height of the anchor part of the dowel-stud specified in GOST 28457, maximum deviations are in table. 1 of this standard.

6.5. The distance from the axis of the holes for installing dowels-studs to the nearest edge of the load-bearing building element and between the axes of adjacent holes must be at least 8" thread diameters.

6.6. Drilling holes in the seams between load-bearing building elements is not allowed.

§.7. The penetration of water, oils and other materials into the drilled hole is not allowed.

GOST 28456-90 S. 5~

6.8. The holes should be blown out with compressed air.

6.9. Driving the dowel pins into the prepared holes should be done by striking the end of the protruding threaded end of the pin until the washer completely adheres to the surface of the load-bearing building element.

6.10. Before driving in, the dowel pins must be cleaned of preservative grease and checked for correct assembly.

Dowel pins should be cleaned with solvents.

6.11. Dowel-studs should be wedged by initially tightening the nuts to the torque values M p* given in table. 2.

6.12. Before installing the equipment or structure, you must remove the nuts, flat washers and spring washers from the protruding threaded ends of the dowel rods.

6.13. The relative position of the flat and spring washers when securing the equipment or structure installed in the design position must correspond to that indicated in the drawing.

6.14. The equipment or structure should be secured by final tightening of the nuts to the torque value in accordance with the design and technological documentation, but not more than those indicated in the table. 2 values of M i.

6.15. The maximum deviations of the actual torque values during wedging and final tightening should be no more than 10% of the nominal values.

6.16. The torque values during wedging and final tightening should be checked using torque wrenches.

6.17. During operation, dowel pins must withstand axial (tensile) loads not exceeding the design values.

6.18. The choice of the standard size of the dowel should be made when designing fastening units based on calculations that take into account the conditions of strength and the absence of shear (movement) of the supporting part in relation to the load-bearing building element.

7. MANUFACTURER WARRANTY

The manufacturer guarantees that the dowels comply with the requirements* of this standard subject to the conditions of operation, storage and transportation.

6 GOST 28456-90

SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS FOR INSTALLING DOCK-STUDS

holes

Vent hole

Rasklini

(initial

Table 1

Maximum deviations of hole sizes for installing dowels-studs

GOST 28456-90 S. 7

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