Pattern of a cow with an udder. Playing with little Vaishnavas: Cardboard cows

A “barn” means a room for cows, equipped with stalls, a manure channel and a window for its removal, as well as tethers and feeders. Year-round keeping of cattle on farms or household plots is impossible without this structure. In modern conditions, with the availability of a wide range of building materials and technologies, it is quite possible to build a barn with your own hands.

The future structure should be 15 m from a residential building, and more than 20 m from a well or a well. It is better to locate it near the garden, since manure disposal is simplified.

You can build a barn from almost any materials (adobe, brick, foam and aerated concrete, cinder blocks, concrete), but for a small barn for one or two heads it is better to take wood. For a cow with a calf, the room size is 18 square meters. m. is quite sufficient, but if there are more of them, then they proceed from the norms of 6 m for an adult cow and 9 for the offspring.

Step-by-step instruction

Step 1. Laying the foundation. To do this, markings should be made with pegs along the perimeter of the future building. Then use a rope (fishing line) to draw the boundaries of the pit for the foundation. Now you need to remove the soil to a depth of 70 cm, provided the soil is not loose, install the formwork, pour the concrete solution, evenly distributing the reinforcement. The level of the finished base should be 10-15 cm above the soil surface. When it dries after a few days, you can lay waterproofing and begin building walls.

Step 2. Walling. The material is selected based on local climatic conditions and financial capabilities. The height of the walls should be 2.5 m. If your region has cold winters, it is recommended to use adobe bricks for laying the walls. Laying one and a half bricks will ensure optimal temperature in the barn during the cold season. At the base, the walls are laid out with ordinary bricks.

Prices for various types of timber

Step 3. Floor arrangement. It is made with a slope of 2 cm per 1 running meter. In the lower part, a trench should be made for the outflow of liquid waste, which ends in a liquid collector with a volume of 1 cubic meter. Removable wooden panels are installed on the concrete floor. It is advisable to choose a waterproof material as a floor covering. It is recommended to fill floors with concrete or cement. The best solution would be to use sawdust or salt as bedding.

Step 4. Window. Their area should be 10 times less than the floor area. Windows are located at a height above the cow's horns, and the number is to ensure sufficient lighting. In addition, along with ventilation, they will participate in the ventilation of the room. When planning windows, place them on the south and east sides - sunlight will allow cows to better withstand winters.

Step 5. Roof. As a rule, the roof of a barn is made of a low pitched planed board with thermal insulation, on top of which slate is laid. If a decision is made to install a gable roof, then it will need additional insulation. Installing a liftable canopy will allow you to effectively ventilate the room, as well as protect the room from bad weather.

Prices for different types of slate

Video - Review of the new barn

Internal equipment of the barn

When the barn is built, it needs to be equipped with feeders, drinking bowls, a stall and a compartment for the calf, and manure removal must be considered.

How to make your own feeder

Creating the right feeder is a necessary undertaking, since its use will help not waste feed unnecessarily and will be comfortable to use. So, for wet food you can prepare special plastic feeders, for grain - buckets, and for hay you can make lattice mangers made of wood or pipes with an open rectangular top, but tapering downwards.

The cow will take feed from them in portions, thus preventing it from being trampled.

Important! Although many people believe that the hay that spills out of the feeder makes the litter deeper.

The stationary feeder is separated from the animal by a partition and placed 70 cm from it. The height of the inner side is no more than 55-60 cm (oriented towards the cattle’s knee). The height of the outer wall is 30 cm for easy filling of the manger with food. Such elements are intended for open paddocks or stalls for mixed feed and hay. Such a product is made solid without gratings, for example from plywood or galvanized sheets.

You can make a trough-shaped feeder from half a large-diameter plastic pipe or galvanized drain installed on a frame. This design is very convenient to wash with a stream of water with good pressure. The main thing is to carefully process the cut.

Small nurseries with a width of only 5-7 cm are built for calves, since they can only have 2 kg of hay per day at the age of 6 months. Plastic buckets are suitable for grain mash.

The feeder can also be made from a metal pipe.

Step 1. From 8 pipes measuring 1 m, they are welded into 2 squares for the top and bottom.

Step 2. Four 90 cm pipes are placed vertically and complete the parallelepiped.

Step 3. Four more pipes of 90 cm each are placed in two pieces on opposite sides, retreating 15 cm from the middle of the crossbar. Thus, the distance between them will be 30 cm.

Step 4. The rectangle for the middle part is welded from 2-meter pipes and 2 elements of 30 cm each.

Step 5. Rods, 20 pcs. 60-70 cm long are placed in 10 cm increments (10 pieces on each side) and welded to the upper square and the middle rectangle.

Step 6. Another 8 rods of 30 cm are cut and placed in 10 cm increments in the middle rectangle so that the hay is on the grid.

Step 7 Another shortened pipe is thrown through the center from the ends.

Step 8 The seams are thoroughly cleaned and the structure is painted.

It is convenient for free-keeping animals to approach such a feeder from both sides. It is better to place it in the shade of trees or under a canopy.

Do-it-yourself drinking bowl for cows

Various materials can be used. If it is stainless steel or galvanized, then you should weld it into a rectangular box with a hole at the end to drain water. A similar structure is made from wood and the joints are tarred, but such a drinking bowl will have to be constantly dried and will not last long. A plastic gutter is made from a sewer pipe.

It’s easier to do it yourself and install an automatic drinker that works on the principle of a toilet flush cistern with a float system. By the way, the float and valve can be taken from an old tank or bought:

Step 1. The metal tank must be equipped with a heating element to heat the water in cold weather.

Step 2. Then they make one hole for the flow of water, another for supplying it to the drinking bowl, and a third for the heater.

Step 3. Install the valve and float.

A cow will not drink stagnant water, so the recommended volume of the water container is 100 liters.

Wooden cow stall

A corral (stall) for a cow is needed to secure the cow in order to minimize manual labor during cleaning, feeding and milking.

Its dimensions should allow the animal to lie down and stand up without hindrance:

for an adult – 1.2 x 2.0 m;
for a cow with a calf – 1.6 x 2.0 m;
for a calf – 1.0 x 1.5 m;
for a young bull – 1.2 x 1.5 m.

Using the indicated dimensions, it is easy to build a stall from boards. They must be well planed.

If everything is more or less clear with the construction and equipment of a barn for one or two animals on a personal plot, then there are some difficulties with such an object on a farm.

Video - Construction of a wooden barn

Place for placing a barn according to sanitary standards

The productivity of the herd and its safety largely depend on the conditions of detention. If this is a damp, unventilated and cold room with drafts, then there is no talk of any return: the quality of hides and milk decreases sharply. And also, the incidence of cows increases, and feed costs increase.

It is unacceptable to select a site for the construction of the facility on the sites of former livestock farms, leather and raw materials enterprises, especially cattle burial grounds. It is preferable to have an elevated, flat place with a low location of subsoil waters and having such a relief that water flows from the surface are natural. Besides:

The location for the farm must meet conditions that ensure the production of a large number of products at a minimum of costs.

Requirements for building materials

To build a barn, various materials are used, taking into account the design, climate and terrain conditions. They must have:

low thermal conductivity;
breathability;
accessibility;
fire resistance;
cheapness.

For long-term heated objects, it is permissible to use hollow bricks, concrete-expanded clay slabs, etc. But, since cowsheds are built on the assumption that the natural heat generated by the cattle is sufficient to warm it, the materials must have high heat transfer, and the foundation must have good waterproofing.

The thickness of the material and its heat transfer are selected taking into account the regional climate. For example:

lightweight cellular concrete protected with a latex mixture or polyethylene;
asbestos cement;
expanded clay concrete;
aluminum with mineral wool or polystyrene insulation.

A cowshed made of a reinforced concrete frame with asbestos-cement insulation over wooden beams is more efficient and less expensive than a structure made entirely of reinforced concrete slabs. In turn, an asbestos panel with foam plastic is much more economical and warmer than glass brickwork.

Construction of a barn from sandwich panels on a frame

Ceilings are also designed to maintain optimal temperature in the room. The attic is insulated with mineral wool, the roof is constructed from fireproof materials, for example, slate.

It is more convenient to install sliding gates with a thermal curtain in the vestibule; window openings – as small as possible with double glazing and window sills. The absence of internal supports in the barn makes it possible to carry out redevelopment and reconstruction of equipment.

Floor materials

Floors must have heat-protective properties, moisture resistance, resistance to chemical attack, and ease of cleaning and processing. They can be either lattice or solid with a slope (longitudinal 1-2 cm in the passage, transverse 2 cm in the stall) towards the discharge channels.

Important! Wooden floors are the most widespread, but they are not hygienic and imperfect.

The following types of flooring can be used:

rubber cord;
cordo-rubber-bitumen;
expanded clay-bitumen;
expanded clay-soil cement.

Wooden and foam concrete gratings are the warmest. To prevent injury to the limbs, it is better to make the slats for the slatted floor trapezoidal in shape and position the base upward. They are located perpendicular to the feeding line.

For cows, mixed floors are desirable to ensure the passage of waste products through the grate and the opportunity to rest on a continuous area.

What else should you pay attention to?

Feeding

The technological process consists of the most mechanized supply of feed and its preparation in order to feed a large group of cows at the same time. All feed must be subjected to sanitary and microbiological testing, since, if its composition is of poor quality, poisoning will be numerous. Water tests are carried out similarly.

Feeders should be waterproof, easily disinfected and cleaned. To remove liquid when washing, there must be a hole. The element should be located 6-8 cm above the floor of the stall. Feed dispensers can be mobile or stationary:

rod;
tape;
scraper;
screw.

All stationary feed dispensers additionally pollute the feed, can clutter the passage, and are problematic to clean and handle.

Mobile feed systems are easy to maintain.

The water supply must provide all consumers with water of appropriate quality in sufficient volumes, including meeting fire-fighting needs.

We will tell you more about the preparation of feeding areas for cows and other cattle below.

What is the best system for keeping cows?

There are three main types of cow housing:

stall-pasture;
stall-walking;
tethered;

Let's consider their pros and cons of each of the named types.

Stall-pasture

Stall-walking

a smaller area is required;
the development is more compact;
the length of communications is shorter.

Flaws:

irregular exercise;
maintenance technique;
feeding and hygiene standards are violated.

Pyvyaznoe

This kind of maintenance is practiced at large industrial complexes. It allows you to differentiate between feeding and caring for livestock, but labor costs are significantly higher. In addition, there is no exercise. But it is much easier for service personnel, veterinarians and zoo specialists to inspect and care for each individual individually. Tethered pens are placed in multiple rows, combining two rows of stalls with one manure and feed aisle.

Tethered housing allows you to keep the health of cows under control, but is costly

Which bedding is better

The comfortable condition of the cow depends on the type of bedding. Materials must be:

dry;
low thermal conductivity;
hygroscopic;
dry;
odorless and mold-free;
non-marking.

For small barns in private farmsteads, the practice is to use straw, sand, and sawdust. Large farms and industrial complexes use expensive mats made of inorganic materials, which are always moistened, but can freeze in winter.

Rubber and polyurethane coverings cost 90-270 euros for one stall.

In Europe, farmers have been using bedding made from recycled manure for quite some time. In our country, agricultural producers are just beginning to practice it.

The material consists of undigested feed residues - hay, silage, corn. They are passed through a filter-drying unit and the output is a crumbly brown mass that absorbs moisture well, smells like earth and does not stick to your hands. During use, it wears off and dissolves in wastewater, so it does not accumulate.

But this seemingly ideal material has two significant drawbacks:

Large costs for a filter-drying unit (FSU) for the production of bedding mass.
Its use is permissible only in regions with a dry climate, since under humid conditions it gradually turns into manure.

Traditional straw, sawdust and sand are warm and cheap. Moreover, straw is the most accessible and economical, and the fertilizer is of very high quality when used as bedding.

Its only drawback is that it is labor-intensive to replace. In addition, using 4 kg of bedding material per day per cow, space will be required to store the used bedding for 180-210 days, based on the figures presented in the table.

Table 1. Material consumption per cow depending on its type

Sawdust, compared to straw, absorbs moisture and becomes cold when wet. Sand can only be used in warm climates.

Biogas plant for manure processing

If a private owner with one or two cows can use manure to fertilize his garden, then for a farmer waste disposal is a big problem. New technologies have come to the rescue in the form of biogas processing plants.

The main conditions for the life of anaerobic bacteria are heat and the absence of oxygen. Under their influence, manure decomposes, releasing methane and carbon dioxide. One ton of cattle manure yields 55-60 cubic meters when processed. m. of biogas.

The process takes place in a sealed reactor with a receiver for supplying raw materials, a water supply and a pump for pumping the mass into the reactor.

Video - Making a biogas plant from a barrel for your home

Conclusion

So, if the barn is properly designed, built and equipped, the animals will “thank you” with calves and high milk yields. For households, you can equip an existing barn for it, but for farmers, a carefully thought-out plan is needed before starting construction.

A cow sometimes symbolizes wealth, comfort, prosperity - an integral cozy attribute of any family home. Of course, we do not have the opportunity to keep a real animal in our apartment. However, we can easily afford to acquire a soft talisman. Anyone who loves handicrafts can sew a cow or a bull. And even if you haven’t tried yourself in such a skill before, it doesn’t matter! It’s not difficult to make any cow using our pattern.

Our “Workshop” presents soft toys made in various ways. You can see with your own eyes how to sew a cow from fabric with or without pile, in a dress, in shorts or without clothes. Experienced craftswomen will tell you how to make hooves, horns, eyes and even eyelashes. In our workshop you will certainly find a toy that you want to make with your own hands. Perhaps it will be a cheerful Burenka with a flower, a glamorous Margot, a flirtatious Daisy or a spotted bull. You can dress the toy in any outfit or sew a whole collection of dresses. Decorations can be flowers, bells, bows, straps.

All cow toy patterns presented in this section do not require high skill. It is enough to have desire and imagination. Your child can be a great helper. It's so much fun to have fun creating a fun animal with your own hands. And if you have the mood and time, you can sew a couple in love - a bull and a cow, and even a whole family. Do you have a piece of soft material lying around your house? A great excuse for creativity!

If you have a bull pattern that is not in our workshop, send it! We will be happy to post a photo of your masterpiece and recommendations. Sometimes you really want to take a break from everyday affairs and do something pleasant. Why not sew a toy that is beautiful, fun, and unique! We offer you a collection of patterns, but it is not at all necessary to sew them exactly according to them. You can use them as a reference point for your imagination!

Paper crafts in elementary school

You can make many fun toys out of paper. You can play with these toys, you can give toys as a gift. We suggest making a cow from colored paper.

Paper cow. Step-by-step instruction

Materials

Multi-colored cardboard

Markers

Scissors

Work sequence

Cut out a rectangle from dark cardboard, bend it and glue it together as shown in the picture. This will be the cow's head. Cut out an oval from pink cardboard, and a shape for the horns from yellow cardboard. Cut out an oval from white paper and glue it onto the cow's head blank. Cut out ears from cardboard.

Form the cow's head. Draw eyes on white cardboard, cut out and glue. Use a marker to draw the details. Cut out a blank for the body from dark cardboard and twist it into a tube. Cut out the legs with hooves and the tail. Glue the head to the body using a strip of cardboard. Glue the remaining parts to the body.

Color the picture

A cow stands in the meadow

And chews grass.

Since Lord Krishna is the favorite of cows and a cowherd boy, in almost any game cows are at least desirable. Lots of cows. Or at least a small herd. We often imagined cows - beans, pebbles, plasticine sculptures of our mother.

Collecting a dozen Schleich or Gulliver cows is a good option, but too expensive. And recently, during the baby's nap, I made a small herd out of cardboard. Regular colored cardboard for children's creativity. But the result is so cute that we decided to expand this collection, since Daya appreciated the figures.

I really like this option - the colored side inward. They are somehow very calm, but not boring. When I got my hands on a figured hole punch, I wanted to make spots with it too.

While playing with such cows, you can safely tell your child that Krishna has red, yellow, white and black cows in his herd. Act out scenes of cows returning from pastures, with Krishna playing special melodies on the flute and calling the cow leaders of certain groups. Kids can be told about why the Lord got the name Govinda - this happened during Govardhana-lila, a very interesting description of which can be read.

We played like this: we raised Govardhana Hill from Lego and hid cows under it, while I talked about everything that was happening.

Again, while playing, you can count cows, learn colors, shades - even if you make a herd of four colors, you can make just the yellow cows completely different in shades. We made the colored part of our herd from double-sided thin cardboard and paper. The colors were those that were at home.

You can download the templates by which all these cows are made (there will be a link a little later)

And it all started with these very simple cows from an ordinary box))). You can take any template you like - I just searched on Google for “cow silhouette” (you can just as well write “cow silhouette”) - there are a great many of them. I printed it out, cut it out, outlined it on cardboard, cut it out, plus a very simple stand - a grass tussock made from the same cardboard. Incisions are made in it (and a small one in the leg too, for better fixation). These cows are very cool to paint. Moreover, it is the kids who produce the most interesting work - only the colors are best given those that do not turn into dirt when mixed.

We played goshala with these cows. They remembered how after church they went to feed the cows, how wet their noses were, how the calves sucked milk, and how these cows were milked, and then the milk was delivered in cans to all the houses. They even remembered the tractor that brought a huge cartload of fresh grass every morning. About how affectionate cows are, how grateful. They remembered how the horns felt to the touch, how smooth the fur was. These memories are so vivid for the baby, so he always plays games related to goshala very willingly and with great joy.

Knitted cows

Knitted cows (amigurumi)

All toys are knitted.

We knit the body of the cow: on two stocking needles we cast on six loops, knit them with knit stitches and distribute them onto three knitting needles - there should be 2 loops on each knitting needle, we knit them in the round:
1st row - we knit two from each loop, knitting a loop from the loop of the previous row.
2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th rows, knit with facial loops without increments.
3rd row - *from the first loop we knit two knit stitches, one knit stitch *from one stitch we knit two stitches, one knit stitch.
5th row - *from one - two knit stitches, knit 2*, from one - two, knit 2.
7th row - *from one – two loops knit, 3 – knit*, from one – two, 3 – knit.
9th row - *from one - two knit stitches, 4 - knit stitches*, from one - two stitches, 4 - knit stitches.
11th row - *from one – two loops knit, 5 – knit*, from one – two, 5 – knit.
12th, 13th rows - we knit all the loops with facial loops.
14th row - *from one - two knit loops, 6 - knit *, from one - two, 6 - knit.
From the 15th row we knit (twenty rows) - all loops - knit without adding.
Then we start decreasing: first we decrease -*knit two loops together with a knit stitch, 5 knit stitches*, two knit stitches together, 5 knit stitches.
Knit two rows without decreasing. Then in every second row we decrease on each needle: *two stitches together, knit four*, two stitches together, knit four. Fill with filler (sintepon). On the knitting needle, two loops should decrease in every second row until two loops remain on each knitting needle (crochet the remaining six loops into one loop) and crochet the cow's tail with air loops at the end of the tail, make a thickening-tassel: four half double crochets we knit from one loop and tighten and hide the cut of the thread.

Legs of a cow: on the body of the cow we cast on three loops and knit with a circular strand of three loops - ten rows, then we knit the hoof, adding two loops on the knitting needle in every second row (until there are six loops on the knitting needle), filling the hoof with padding polyester, making a decrease Each row has two loops on each needle. We crochet the remaining six loops, cut the thread and hide the end of the thread. We do this for four legs. We distribute buckets randomly on the body (by eye)
We knit the face of a cow: cast on six loops on two stocking needles, knit with knit stitches, distribute two loops onto three knitting needles, close in a circle:
1st row - knit two stitches from each stitch.
2nd, 4th, 6th rows: knit with facial loops without increments.
3rd row - knit two knit stitches from each stitch (there should be eight stitches on the knitting needle).
5th row - *from one loop, two, knit two*, from one two, knit two. But we do this addition only on one knitting needle (to get the lip of a cow).
We knit the 7th - 16th rows with facial loops (without additions).
17th row - on one needle (on the one that was added), * knit two together, knit one, * knit two together, knit one.
Then we knit several rows with facial loops without additions. To the height of the cow's muzzle, we fill it with filler (sintepon) and make a choke in every second row on each knitting needle, decrease two loops until two loops remain on the knitting needle, crochet six loops into one loop, tighten and cut the thread.
Cow's ear: cast on five loops. 1st row - facial loops. 2nd row - purl loops. 3rd row - add two loops. 4th, 6th, 8th rows - purl. 5th, 7th rows - facial loops. 9th row - we make a decrease: two together, knit, two together. 10th row - purl. 11th row - we make a decrease (three loops remain on the knitting needle). 12th row - purl. 13th row - from three loops we knit three loops together with knit stitches. Next we knit the purl row, we knit the last loop from the fabric of the already knitted half of the ear and we get an increase. In the front row we also knit the last loop from the last loop of the previous fabric. The ear should be double. When the second half is equal in height to the first, close all the loops. We knit the second ear in the same way.
We knit horns: we cast on three loops, then after three rows we make an increase (there are five loops on the knitting needle), after five rows we also make an increase (there are seven loops on the knitting needle), we knit several rows with regular stockinette stitch, then we make a decrease according to the same pattern as the increase We tighten the last three loops, leave a long thread and sew along the edge of the horn, tightening it a little so that the horns are rounded.
Assembling the cow: Then we sew on the eyes from beads on the muzzle, embroider the mouth, sew on the ears and horns. Sew the head to the body, the cow is ready