How to properly perform ablution for women. Ablution according to the Sunnah How Muslims wash before prayer

Ablution plays a special role in the Islamic faith, since without it Muslims cannot perform certain rituals of worship. This term in Islam refers to the process of ritual purification performed by believers at least several times a day.

There are two types of ablution: small (“wudu”, “taharat”), and full (“ghusl”).

Taharat

Lesser ablution is a type of ritual cleansing performed by believers regularly and does not require complete nudity when performing it.

In what cases is it necessary to perform taharat:

before starting prayer (namaz);

before reading the Holy Quran;

before starting the tour around the Kaaba.

Procedure for performing wudu:

1. Say your intention to perform ablution: in order to begin taharat, a person must have an appropriate intention, which he can say to himself.

2. Say the words “Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim”(“In the name of Allah, the Beneficent and the Merciful”).

3. Wash your hands up to your wrists: the believer must wash the palms of both hands up to the wrists three times, always washing the areas between the fingers (it is advisable to start with the right hand).

4. Rinse your mouth: After using your hands, you should rinse your mouth well three times, and it is advisable to hold the water to your lips with your right hand.

5. Rinse your sinuses: A Muslim must rinse his nose three times, drawing in water from his right hand and removing the secretions with his left.

6. Wash your face: To do this, it is enough to rinse your face three times, so that each time water gets on its entire surface (up to the ears).

7. Wash your hands up to the elbows: each hand, starting with the right, is sequentially washed on all sides three times from the wrist to the elbow.

8. Wiping the head, neck and ears: It is necessary to wipe the hair with wet palms, and it is recommended to touch at least a quarter of the head (usually wipe with the right hand from the crown to the forehead). After this, the thumbs are moved under the earlobes, and the index fingers are rubbed over the auricle and ear canal. At the end of this stage, you should walk along the neck with the backs of your hands, smoothly moving your hands from the back to the front.

9. Cleansing the feet: Finally, the feet are washed three times up to the ankles, including the areas between the toes. Here it is also encouraged to perform the procedure starting with the right leg.

It is important to know that the obligatory actions (fard) of Taharat will be the following: washing the face, hands up to the elbows, wiping the neck, ears and head, washing the feet. The obligatory nature of these stages is due to the fact that they are mentioned in the Holy Scriptures of Muslims:

“O you who believe! When you stand up for prayer, wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows, wipe your heads and wash your feet up to the ankles” (5:6)

Thus, after performing wudhu, the believer is in a state of ritual purity, in which he can perform prayer, read the Koran, and so on. This provision remains until the believer commits any action that violates it.

What breaks wudu:

elimination of needs, including the release of gases;

loss of consciousness;

sleep, except when a person dozes while sitting or standing;

release of waste from the human body in large quantities (blood, pus, etc.);

touching the genitals directly (i.e. not through tissue);

severe vomiting (provided that the vomit has filled the entire oral cavity).

Ghusl

Full ablution is a type of ablution performed when a Muslim is in a state of ritual desecration. In the Qur'an, the Lord of the Worlds tells us:

“...If you are defiled, then wash from head to toe and make yourself clean...” (5:6)

Situations in which GUSL is necessary:

after intimacy (for ritual desecration, contact of the genitals will be sufficient, even if ejaculation does not occur);

after ejaculation that did not occur as a result of intimacy (for example, if it arose due to passionate sensations as a result of thoughts, or viewing images and videos with naked bodies, wet dreams, etc. is considered haram);

postmenstrual period in women (during menstruation, a woman is in a state of ritual desecration, and therefore on such days she is even forbidden to pray and. After the completion of menstruation, women should perform ghusl);

the postpartum period in women (at the end of postpartum bleeding, complete ablution is also prescribed);

after accepting Islam (after a person has said the Shahada and became a Muslim, he must purify himself);

death (before burial, the body of every Muslim must be washed)

While in a state of ritual desecration, a believer does not have the right to:

read and touch the Holy Quran (if its text is entirely in Arabic);

perform namaz;

visit a mosque;

circumambulate the Kaaba.

Procedure for performing ablution:

Intention for performing Ghusl: as before taharat, a person must say (maybe mentally) the intention;

Say “Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahiim”;

Washing hands up to wrists: rinse your hands three times up to the wrists, while cleaning the areas between the fingers (it is preferable to start with the right hand);

Washing the genitals: this should be done carefully to eliminate all impurities, and preferably with the left hand;

Performing all acts of ablution (wudu): in this case, the procedure of washing the palms is repeated, and the soles of the feet are postponed until the completion of the ghusl;

Pouring the head: it must be done three times and so that all the hair on the head, including the beard and mustache, is moistened from the tips to the roots;

Pouring the right side of the body: three times and a sufficient amount of water for this, but without allowing excessive consumption;

Dousing the left side of the body three times;

Washing feet(including areas between the fingers).

Like Taharat, Ghusl contains both obligatory and desirable actions. However, there are some discrepancies among Muslim legal schools regarding complete ablution. If, according to the Hanafite madhhab, rinsing the mouth, washing the nasal cavity and dousing the entire body is considered fard when performing ghusl, then in the Shafi'i madhhab it is the intention, the removal of impurities and complete dousing.

Advantages of ablution

Believers are required to perform ablution not only before performing religious practices - a state of ritual purity must be inherent in any Muslim almost constantly. Taharat and ghusl in Islam are considered a good deed, for which there is a reward. The famous hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) reads: “If someone, while in a state of ablution, performs it again, the Almighty writes to him 10 good deeds” (at-Tirmidhi).

In addition, ritual cleansing helps to erase the sins of a believer, as stated in the following hadith: “When a Muslim performs ablution, then, by washing his face, he washes away all the sins that his eyes commit, by washing his hands, he washes away all the sins that he committed with them, by washing his feet , washes away all the sins that he committed with them, and thus a person will become clean from sins” (quoted by Muslim and at-Tirmidhi).

Another advantage of ablution is the fact that it can lead a believer to Paradise. The Messenger of Allah (s.w.w.) once admonished: “Whoever of you performs ablution and then says, for him all eight gates of heaven will open” (hadith from Muslim).

Prayers that are recommended to be recited when performing partial ablution

When washing every part of the body It is advisable to read the Shahada in the following form:

أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لا شَريكَ لَهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ

“Ashhadu alla ilaha illallahu wahdahu la sharika lahu, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasulyuhu.”

In addition, during ablution, special prayers are also read (shahadah is read when washing the organs for the first time, when washing the second and third times, the prayers given below are read).

Washing your hands at the very beginning of ablution, after “Isti‘aza” and “Basmala” they read:

اَلْحَمْدُ لِلهِ الَّذي جَعَلَ الْماءَ طَهُورًا

“Al-hamdu lillahi-lla h and ja'alal-maa tahura" (Praise be to Allah, who made water purifying).

اَللّهُمَّ بَيِّضْ وَجْهي بِنُورِكَ يَوْمَ تَبْيَضُّ وُجُوهُ أَوْلِيائِكَ وَلا تُسَوِّدْ وَجْهي بِظُلُماتِكَ يَوْمَ تَسْوَدُّ وُجُوهُ أَعْدائِكَ

“Allahumma bayyiz wajhi binurika yawma tabyazzu wujuhu awliyaika wa la tusavvid wajhi bizulumatika yawma taswaddu wujuhu a‘daika”.

(O Allah! Illuminate my face with Your nour on the day when the faces of Your favorites are illuminated, and do not darken my face with Your darkness on the day when the faces of Your enemies are blackened).

اَللّهُمَّ أَعْطِني كِتابي بِيَميني وَحاسِبْني حِسابًا يَسيرًا

“Allahumma a‘tini kitabi biyamini wa hasibni hisaban yasira”.

(O Allah, offer me my records of earthly deeds on the Day of Judgment on the right side and reprimand me with an easy account).

اَللّهُمَّ لا تُعْطِني كِتابي بِشِمالي وَلا مِنْ وَراءِ ظَهْري

“Allahumma la tu‘tini kitabi bishimali wa la min varai zahri.”

(O Allah, do not offer me my notes on the left and behind).

Rubbing the head (mashu), read:

اَللّهُمَّ حَرِّمْ شَعْري وَبَشَري عَلَى النّارِ

"Allahumma harrim sha'ri wa bashari 'ala-nnar."

(O Allah, make my hair and skin prohibited from the fire of Hell).

When washing each foot read:

اَللّهُمَّ ثَبِّتْ قَدَمَيَّ عَلَى الصِّراطِ يَوْمَ تَزِلُّ فيهِ الْأَقْدامُ

"Allahumma With abbit kadamaya ‘ala-ssyrati yavma tazilu fihil-akdam.”

(O Allah, strengthen my feet on the Sirat Bridge on the day when they slide).

After completing the partial(and also full) ablutions, with their arms stretched forward and their gaze directed to the sky, they read the following prayer:

أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لا شَريكَ لَهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ اَللّهُمَّ اجْعَلْني مِنَ التَّوّابينَ وَاجْعَلْني مِنَ الْمُتَطَهِّرينَ وَاجْعَلْني مِنْ عِبادِكَ الصّالِحينَ سُبْحانَكَ اللّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاّ أَنْتَ أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ وَصَلَّى اللهُ عَلى سَيِّدِنا مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلى آلِه وَصَحْبِه وَسَلَّمْ

“Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah wahdahu la sharika laah, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasulyuh. Allahumma-j'alni mina-tavvabina vaj'alni minal-mutatahhirina, vaj'alni min 'ibadika-s-salikhina, subhanakallahumma wa bihamdika, ashhadu alla ilaha illya anta, astagfiruka wa atubu ilaika, wa sallallahu 'ala sayyidina Muhammad diva' ala alihi wa sahbihi wa sallam."

(I testify with my tongue, I acknowledge and believe in my heart that there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah alone, Who has no partner, and I testify again, I acknowledge and believe in my heart that, truly, Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.

O Allah, make me of those who repent of their sins, and make me of those who maintain purity, and make me of Your pious servants who serve You well. You are pure from all shortcomings, praise be to You. I testify that there is nothing worthy of worship except You. I ask You for forgiveness and repent before You. And the blessings of Allah be upon our master Muhammad, his family and companions, peace and prosperity to them).

How to perform ablution before prayer?

Many newly converted Muslims are concerned about the question of how to perform ablution before performing namaz. This is a very important procedure that cannot be omitted, since coming before God in prayer is possible only in a state of ritual purity. Below we will talk about how this ablution is performed.

Types of ablution

In Islam there are two types of ritual ablution: small and full. The small version requires washing only the hands, mouth and nose, while the full version requires washing the entire body. The result of both procedures is purity, called taharat in Arabic.

Complete ablution

This option is called ghusl in Arabic. Below we will tell you how to do a complete ablution, but first we need to talk about in what cases it is necessary. So, if we are talking about a woman, then she is prescribed to do ghusl after the end of the period of menstruation and postpartum bleeding. In addition, sexual intimacy is considered the reason for complete ablution. If we are talking about a man, then for him such a reason is also sexual contact and the fact of ejaculation in general. If a person has just converted to Islam or for some reason has not practiced namaz, then he is also ordered to perform ghusl, since the likelihood that in his previous life he did not have such moments when the rules of Islam required complete ablution is close to zero.

Rules for complete body washing

The rules of Sharia tell us how to properly perform ablution before prayer. According to them, the nose, mouth and whole body should be washed. But, before performing ablution, you need to get rid of everything that can interfere with the penetration of water. This can be wax, paraffin, cosmetics, paint, nail polish, etc. When washing, you need to especially carefully rinse the areas of the body where water is difficult to reach. For example, the ears, navel, areas behind the ears, earring holes. The scalp should also be washed with water along with the hair. Regarding how to perform ablution for women with long braided hair, the rules of Islam explain that if they, being braided, do not prevent the penetration of water, then they can be left as is. But if water cannot get onto the scalp because of them, then the hair needs to be unbraided. Another recommendation on how to perform ablution for women concerns their female genital organs. Their outer part also needs to be washed, preferably while squatting.

Mouth rinse

As for rinsing the mouth, this procedure must be performed three times. At the same time, if possible, everything that interferes with the penetration of water to the surface should be removed from the teeth and from the oral cavity. When asked how to properly perform ablution if there are fillings, dentures or crowns in the teeth, the rules of the ghusl answer that these things do not need to be touched. There is also no need to remove various devices, such as correction plates and braces, which only a doctor can safely remove. During bathing, you should only get rid of those things that can be easily removed and easily put back in. Regarding how to perform ablution correctly, it must be said that certain sunnatas and adabs are attached to this action, that is, some ritual actions that are generally not obligatory. But if you fulfill them, then the reward from Allah, as Muslims believe, will be increased. But since these are optional things, we will not touch on them in this article.

What is prohibited without complete ablution except prayer?

There are things that are prohibited for Muslims who have not performed ablution. In addition to prayer itself, these include bowing to the ground while reading certain lines of the Koran and bowing to the ground out of gratitude to Allah. In addition, it is prohibited to touch the Koran or its individual parts printed in other books. While still in a state of impurity, it is forbidden to read the Quran, even if you do not touch it. It is allowed to read only individual words, the totality of which is less than one ayah, that is, a verse. This rule, however, has an exception. Thus, suras, which are prayers, are allowed to be read. Without a ritual full ablution, it is forbidden to go to the mosque and walk around the Kaaba during the Hajj.

There is one subtlety - the state without ritual washing is classified into three levels. In one of them it is allowed to fast Ramadan, but in others it is not. But this is a different topic, and we will not touch on this issue.

Lesser ablution

Now let's talk about how to do a small ablution. Firstly, it must be said that this method of washing is called wudu in Arabic. It is also important to note that it does not replace complete ablution - ghusl.

When is voodoo done?

To understand how to properly perform ablution before prayer in accordance with the rules of wudu, you need to learn when there is a need for it. Let's say you did a complete ablution, but then, before salah, you visited the toilet. In this case, you should do a small ablution. This is also necessary if you fall asleep or faint, since a state of unconsciousness leads to a partial loss of ritual purity. A voodoo ceremony is also required when a person starts bleeding, mucus or pus. The situation is similar when there is an attack of nausea and the person vomits. Severe bleeding in the mouth (if there is more blood than saliva) is also considered a reason to undergo minor ablution. Well, this list concludes with the situation of alcohol intoxication or other clouding of mind.

When should you not do wudu?

There are things for which it is not entirely clear whether ablution should be done after them or not. And probably the most common issue among them is expectoration. The rules of ritual purity in Islam state that coughing up mucus does not lead to the need to perform ablution. The same applies to cases when small parts of flesh are separated from the body - hair, pieces of skin, etc. But only if it did not cause bleeding. Touching the genitals (it doesn’t matter whether it’s your own or someone else’s) does not require repeated washing. Touching a person of the opposite sex, if he is not a Mahram, is also not considered a reason to repeat wudhu.

Voodoo procedure

Now we will tell you directly about how to perform ablution before prayer according to the rite of wudhu. In accordance with Shariah norms, it includes four obligatory points - washing the face, hands, feet and nose.

To wash your face, you need to understand what is considered a face in Islam, that is, where its boundaries lie. So, if in width, then the border of the face will run from one earlobe to the other. And in length - from the tip of the chin to the point from which hair growth begins. Sharia norms also teach how to wash hands: hands must be washed up to the elbows, including the latter. Similarly, the feet are washed up to the ankles. Regarding how to perform ablution before prayer, if there is something on the surface of the skin that can prevent the penetration of water, the rules clearly say that such things must be removed. If the water does not reach the entire area of the designated parts of the body, then ablution cannot be considered valid. Therefore, you need to remove all paints, decorations, etc. However, henna designs do not interfere with ablution, since it does not interfere with the penetration of water. After all parts of the body are washed, it is necessary to wash the head. How to perform a small rite of washing the head is again suggested by the rules. In fact, simply wiping a quarter of the area of the head with a damp hand would be considered ablution. But you need to be careful, since wiping hair not on the head, but on the forehead, back of the head, or wiping hair twisted on the head will not be considered valid.

It should also be noted that without a small ablution (unless, of course, you have just completed a full one), some ritual actions are prohibited. Their list is identical to those that are prohibited in the absence of a performed ghusl. There are also adabs and sunnat for small ablution, which we do not consider in this article. Another important point is that when performing wudu, you do not need to remove contact lenses from your eyes, since this is not required by Sharia law.

Taharat - ablution before prayer

Taharat is certain ritual actions that a Muslim is obliged to perform before performing namaz. Taharat is the cleansing of a person from spiritual and physical impurity: there is internal taharat, achieved through repentance and righteousness, and external taharat, achieved in the following ways:

Complete ablution (Ghusul): performed after various types of desecration (after childbirth, after intimacy, at the end of menstruation in women), serious illness, before Friday prayer, going to the mosque, fasting.
Minor ablution (Wudu) is obligatory immediately before performing namaz. Like complete ablution, Wudu requires clean water, free from foreign impurities and odors.
Ablution with sand and stone
Teeth cleaning
Washing after relieving yourself
Shoe washing, clothes cleaning

Minor ablution is performed in the following order:

Say the intention to perform a small ablution. To do this, say: “Bismillahir-rahmanir-rahim!”
Wash your hands up to the wrist three times.
Rinse your mouth 3 times.
Rinse your nose 3 times: fill your nose with water and clean it.
Wash your face with water 3 times.
From limbs to elbow, each 3 times.
Moisten your head once, in the direction from the forehead to the back of the head.
Rinse the ears with your thumb and forefinger: the ears should be washed both inside and behind the auricle.
Wash your feet up to your ankles 3 times. First the right leg is washed. And then left.

During ablution, excessive consumption of water and excessive splashing of it on the face is unacceptable, but saving it is also not recommended.

It is not advisable to talk to strangers during ablution.

Complete ablution must be performed in the following order:

Wash your hands and places of aurat (places subject to mandatory concealment).
Say out loud the intention to perform a complete ablution.
Perform all the actions of small ablution in order.
Wash your head and every part of your body three times.
Wash your feet.

It is important not to be distracted or talk while performing Ghusul. The water should wash all parts of the body so that there is no dry place left (navel, skin under the hair).

Both wudhu and ghusul are obligatory for all Muslims.

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Muslim ablution prayer

How to learn how to perform ablution and prayer correctly.

Tell us how to learn how to perform ablution and prayer correctly.

Peace to you and the mercy of the Almighty!

Procedure for performing small ablution:

1. First of all, you must have the intention to perform ablution for the purpose of performing prayer or simply for the sake of being in a state of ritual purity. It is important to have a deep intention in your heart, but saying your intention out loud is still advisable.

2. As when performing any other godly deed, it is advisable for the believer to say “bismil-lyahi rrahmani rrahim” (“in the name of God, whose mercy is limitless and eternal”), thereby asking for God’s blessing and help.

3. Wash your hands up to and including your wrists three times, not forgetting to rinse between your fingers. If there is a ring or ring, they should be removed or, by moving them slightly, try to ensure that the skin underneath is washed.

4. Rinse your mouth three times, collecting water with your right hand.

5. Rinse your nose three times, drawing water with your right hand and blowing your nose with your left.

6. Wash your face three times.

7. Wash your hands up to the elbow three times (first the right, then the left).

8. Rub your scalp with wet hands (at least 1/4 of your hair).

9. Afterwards, wash your hands and wipe the inside and outside of your ears; rub the neck with the front (back) of your hands.

10. Wash your feet up to your ankles three times, not forgetting to wash between your toes, starting with the little toe of your right foot and ending with the little toe of your left. Wash your right foot first, then your left.

After or during ablution, a person can dry the washed parts of the body using a towel.

At the end, it is advisable to say the following words:

“Ashkhadu allaya ilyayahe illya llaahu wahdehu laya shariyya lakh, wa ashhadu anna muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuuluh.

Allahumma-j'alniy minat-tavvaabiin, vej'alniy minel-mutatohhiriin.

Subhaanakyal-laakhumma va bihamdik, ashkhadu allaya ilyayahe illyaik ente, astagfirukya va atuubu ilaik.

Wa salli, Allahumma ‘alaya sayidina Muhammad wa ‘ala eeli Muhammad.”

Translation: “I testify that there is no god but the One Lord, Who has no partners (He shares His power with no one). And I testify that Muhammad is His servant and messenger.

O Allah! Count me among the repentant and extremely pure.

I praise You, O Lord, and thank You. I testify that there is no god but You. I ask You for forgiveness and repent before You.

Bless, O Allah, Muhammad and his family.”

Procedure for performing prayer:

(using the example of two rakyaats of the sunnah of morning prayer)

Niyat (intention): “I intend to perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah of morning prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

Then men, raising their hands to the level of their ears so that their thumbs touch the lobes, and women - to the level of their shoulders, pronounce “takbir”: “Allahu akbar” (“The Lord is above all”).

It is advisable for men to separate their fingers, and for women to close them. After this, men place their hands on their stomachs just below the navel, placing their right hand on their left, clasping the little finger and thumb of their right hand around the wrist of their left hand. Women lower their hands to their chests, placing their right hand on the left wrist.

The gaze of each worshiper should be directed to the place where he lowers his face during prostration (as-sajdah).

Immediately after this, the du’a “as-Sana” (“Praise of the Almighty”) is read to oneself:

“Subhaanakyal-laahumma wa bihamdik, wa tabaarakyasmuki, wa ta’alaya jadduk, wa laya ilyayahe gairuk”

“a‘uuzu bill-lyahi minash-shaytooni rrajiim, bismil-lyahi rrahmaani rrahiim” (to himself)

“I move away from the damned Satan, approaching the Almighty, and begin in the name of the Merciful Allah, whose mercy is limitless and eternal.”

Then Surah al-Fatiha is read:

“Al-hamdu lil-lyahi rabbil-‘aalamiin.

Iyayakya na'budu wa iyayayakya nasta'iin.

Syraatol-lyaziyna an’amta ‘alaikhim, gairil-magduubi ‘alaikhim wa lad-doolliin.” Aamiin

After Surah al-Fatiha, any short surah is read, for example Surah al-Asr:

Wal-'asr. Innal-inseene lafii khusr.

Illal-lyaziine eemenuu va ‘amilyu ssoolikhaati va tavaasav bil-hakky wa tavaasav bis-sabr.”

With the words “Allahu Akbar”, we bow to the waist, saying the words:

“Subhana Rabbiyal-Azim” (Glory to my Great Lord) – 3 times.

Then you need to straighten up with the words: “Samia-Llahu-liman hamida” (May Allah hear the one who praised Him) and “Rabbana laka - l - hamdu” (Praise be to You, our Lord).

After this, you must say “Allahu Akbar” and bow to the ground. Remaining in this position, you should say:

“Subhana Rabbia-l-Ala” (Glory to my Lord Almighty) 3 times, and then with the words “Allahu Akbar”, straighten up and sit down.

Then, with the words “Allahu Akbar”, bow to the ground again and say “Subhana Rabbia-l-Ala” - 3 times.

With the words “Allahu Akbar” we stand up for the second rak’ah.

This concludes the performance of the first rak'ah. It is necessary to perform all these actions completely, carefully and without haste.

In the second rakyaat, “as-Sana” and “a’uzu bil-lyahi minash-shaytoni rrajim” are not read.

We read surah “al-Fatiha”, and then a short surah, for example “al-Ikhlyas”:

“Bismil-lyahi rrahmaani rrahiim.

Kul huwa laahu ahad.

Lam yalid wa lam yulyad.

Wa lam yakul-lyahu kufuvan ahad"

Then everything is done in the same way as when performing the first rakyaat.

When we rise from the second prostration of the second rakyaat, we sit on our left foot and read “tashahhud”.

Placing your hands loosely on your hips without closing your fingers:

“At-tahiyayatu lil-lyahi vas-solavaatu wat-toyibaatu,

As-salayamu ‘alaikya ayukhan-nabiyu wa rahmatul-laahi wa barakayatukh,

As-salayamu ‘alyainaa wa ‘alaya ‘ibaadil-lyahi ssoolihiin,

Ashkhadu allaya ilyayahe illya llaahu wa ashkhadu anna muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuulyukh.”

When pronouncing the words “la ilahe”, the index finger of the right hand should be raised up, and when saying “illa llaahu” it should be lowered. While pronouncing the words “illa-laahu,” the index finger of the right hand is raised up without additional movements (at the same time, the prayer’s gaze is drawn to this finger) and lowered.

After reading “tashahhud”, the worshiper, without changing his position, says “salavat”:

“Allahumma solli ‘alaya sayidinaa muhammadin wa ‘alaaya eeli sayidinaa muhammad,

Kyama solyaita ‘alaya sayidinaa ibraakhim va ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa ibraakhim,

Wa baarik ‘alaya sayidinaa Muhammadin wa ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa Muhammad,

Kamaa baarakte ‘alaya sayidinaa ibraakhim wa ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa ibraakhima fil-‘alamiin, innekya hamiidun majiid.”

After reading the salavat, it is advisable to turn to the Lord with a prayer (du'a). Theologians of the Hanafi madhhab argue that in this case, only that form of prayer that is mentioned in the Holy Quran or in the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) can be used as a du‘a. Another part of Islamic theologians allows the use of any form of du'a. At the same time, the opinion of scientists is unanimous that the text of the du'a used in prayer should only be in Arabic.

After this, with the words of greeting “as-salayamu ‘alaikum va rahmatul-laah” (“peace and blessings of the Almighty be upon you”), they turn their heads first to the right side, looking at the shoulder, and then, repeating the words of greeting, to the left. This completes the two rak'ahs of the sunnah of morning prayer.

"Astagfirullaa, astagfirullaa, astagfirullaa."

2. Raising your hands to chest level, say (to yourself):

“Allahumma ente ssalyayam va minkya ssalyayam, tabaarakte yaa zal-jalyali wal-ikraam. Allahumma a‘innii ‘ala zikrikya wa shukrikya wa husni ‘ibaadatik.”

Then they lower their hands, running their palms over their faces.

You can get answers to these and other questions by coming to our prayer hall.

Alhamdulillah, you accepted Islam (or began to observe the religion followed by your ancestors). And, of course, you have many questions, the first of which is how to perform ablution and prayer correctly? Sisters often write to our website and group with questions about how to perform ablution and prayer, whether such and such an action violates ablution (and the like).

Since for the validity of prayer it is necessary to be in a state of ritual purity (taharat in Arabic), in this article we, with the permission of Allah, will talk about ablution.

The concept of “taharat” (literally “purity”) includes performing a complete ablution (washing the entire body with water, in other words, bathing) and a small ablution - when you need to wash only certain parts of the body.

Complete ablution (ghusl)

When is full ablution (ghusl in Arabic) necessary?

A woman must perform a complete ablution after the end of menstruation (haid) and postpartum bleeding (nifas), as well as after marital intimacy.

A man also performs ghusl after marital relations and after ejaculation (emission).

Also, a complete ablution should be performed by a person who has just accepted Islam, since a sexually mature person has had a situation at least once in his life when a complete ablution was necessary. So if you have recently converted to Islam (or have just recently decided to perform namaz), you should perform a full ablution

According to Shariah, complete ablution consists of three required parts (fards of ghusl):

1. Rinse the nose.

2. Mouth rinse.

3. Washing the entire body with water.

When bathing, it is necessary to remove from the body everything that could interfere with the penetration of water, for example, paint, wax, dough, nail polish.

It is necessary to rinse areas of the body where water may not reach during normal bathing - for example, the folds of skin inside the navel, the pinna and the skin behind the ear, the skin under the eyebrows, holes for earrings in the ears (if a woman has pierced ears).

When performing a complete ablution, it is also necessary to wash the scalp and hair. If a woman has long braids, she may not undo them if they do not interfere with water getting on the scalp (if they do, then she needs to undo them).

The woman also needs to wash the outer part of the genital organ (that which is accessible when she squats).

Since performing ghusl requires rinsing your mouth, you must remove anything from your teeth that could prevent water from reaching the surface. However, this does not apply to dental fillings and crowns or dentures; they do not need to be removed! As for braces, orthopedic plates that are placed to correct teeth: if they are removable and easy to remove, they need to be removed; if they are attached to the teeth in such a way that only a doctor can remove them, there is no need to touch them, bathing will be valid.

Full ablution has its sunnat and adab (actions that are considered optional, but desirable and increase the reward for worship). You can read about them in this article: “Fards, Sunnat and Adab of Full Ablution”

It is also important to remember What actions are prohibited for a person who does not have complete ablution?(for example, a woman during her period):

1. You cannot perform namaz, as well as perform sajdah-tilawah (bow to the ground when reading certain verses of the Koran) and sajdah-shukr (bow to the ground in gratitude to Allah).

2. Touching the Koran or verses of the Koran (if they are printed in a book of religious content). This does not apply to the text of the Quran printed on a computer or other electronic media. In this case, it will only be impossible to touch the text of the Koran displayed on the screen with your hands, but you can read it from your phone (not out loud).

3. Reading even one verse of the Quran out loud (however, you can read fewer verses - for example, pronounce the phrases “Alhamdulillah” or “Bismillah”, which are also part of the verses). Of course, this applies only to the Arabic original of the Quran, and not to its translations. However, you can recite the verses of the Quran to yourself, mentally.

An exception is made for verses and surahs of the Qur'an, which are duas (supplications) and are read for protection from all harm - such as surahs Al-Fatiha, Al-Ikhlas, Al-Falyak and An-Nas and the verse Al-Kursi.

4. Visit to the mosque.

5. Circumambulation during the Kaaba (tawaf) in Hajj.

Note:

There is a distinction between the state of defilement (Junub) and the state of Haida and Nifas. In a state of defilement (for a woman - after a marital relationship), you cannot pray, but you can fast (during Ramadan, for example). You cannot fast in a state of Haida and Nifas.

For a more detailed explanation of the issue, you can refer to this article: "Women's fiqh of complete ablution"

Frequently asked questions regarding ablution:

It should be noted that complete ablution (bathing) replaces small ablution. That is, if, for example, your period has just ended and you have performed ghusl, you will not need to perform additional ablution before prayer (unless you have committed actions that violate wudu - you have not gone to the toilet, for example ).

“If I took a bath, and then a situation happened in which ablution was disrupted (for example, the release of gases), do I need to bathe again?”- No, since this action does not violate complete ablution, there is no need to bathe again, it is enough to renew the wudu.

Is it possible to dye your hair, use various chemicals for curling or styling your hair - will there really be a complete ablution in this case?-The decision here will depend on the method of action of the paint or other substance. If it allows water to pass through, your ghusl is valid; if not, you will have to remove the dye from your hair before bathing. We cannot say how exactly this or that paint works; you need to find out from their manufacturers. However, we know for sure: dyeing hair with henna does not prevent the penetration of water, so the ghusl will be valid.

Lesser ablution (wudu)

As for the small ablution (wudu in Arabic), it will be necessary in the following cases:

1. After visiting the toilet (for major or minor needs).

2. After the release of gases.

3. In case of sleep or fainting (except for the case when a person fell asleep while sitting, pressing his buttocks to the floor).

4. The release of blood, pus or other fluid from the human body. Escape refers to the release of a substance beyond the boundaries of its source (for example, a nosebleed or blood flowing beyond the boundaries of a wound or cut). If blood only appears in the wound (as from a pin prick, for example), but does not flow out, ablution is not broken.

5. If a person vomits, provided that the vomit completely fills the mouth.

6. Bleeding in the mouth (from the gums, for example), provided that there was more or the same amount of blood as saliva. This is determined by the color of the saliva - if it is yellow or orange, it means there is little blood, if it is red or dark red, it means there is more blood.

7. In case of alcohol intoxication or insanity.

What does NOT violate wudu:

1. Separation of a piece of skin (a callus, for example) from the human body, which is not accompanied by bleeding.

2. Touching the genitals (your own or another person’s – for example, a woman changing a child’s diaper, this does not violate ablution).

3. Touching a person of the opposite sex who is not a Mahram does not violate wudhu.

4. Expectoration of mucus, even if there is a lot of it.

According to Shariah, ablution includes four obligatory parts (fards of wudu):

1. Washing your face. Important– pay attention to what is considered the boundaries of the face!

Face boundaries: in length - from the hairline to the tip of the chin, in width - from one earlobe to the other.

2. Washing hands up to and including the elbow joint.

3. Washing the feet up to the ankles inclusive.

Very important: A condition for the validity of ablution is considered to be the contact of water on all areas of the skin within the boundaries of the organ that needs to be washed! Therefore, there should be no substances on the body that could prevent water from penetrating the skin - for example, dough, wax, glue, nail polish. If you have rings on your fingers, you need to move them so that water gets under them.

However, if you dye your hair or hands with henna, this does not interfere with your ablution, since henna allows water to pass through.

4. Rubbing (maskh) one quarter of the head with a wet hand.

It is valid to wipe the hair on the head (and not on the forehead or neck). It will be invalid to wipe a braid braided around the head or hair that falls from the head in a loose state.

What is forbidden to do without performing ablution:

1. Perform namaz;

2. Touch the Arabic text of the Holy Quran (but you can read the Quran on electronic media - phone, tablet, computer, without touching the screen with the displayed text);

3. Perform sajda-tilyawa while reading the Holy Quran;

4. Walk around the Kaaba (tawaf).

Lesser ablution also has its sunnat and adab. You can read about them here: “Ahkyams and sunnat of small ablution.” The procedure for small ablution is also shown in some detail in the picture above.

Frequently asked questions regarding ablution:

Do I need to remove contact lenses from my eyes?– No, eyes are not one of the organs that need to be washed when washing your face, so there is no need to remove the lenses.

Does the exposure of clothing or body to substances that are considered impurity (najasa) ruin wudu? — The contact of such substances (najas) on the body or clothing does not violate ablution. It is enough to rinse this place three times with water (from a smooth surface - for example, leather clothing - just wipe off the dirt), and it is considered that you have removed the impurity.

Mask (wiping) leather socks and bandages

Wiping khuffs (leather socks):

According to Sharia, a person is allowed to wipe special leather socks (khuffs) instead of washing his feet. They must be put on after performing ablution - on clean feet. The next time a person's wudhu goes wrong, he will not need to wash his feet, just run his wet hand once from the tip of his fingers to his shin along the surface of the sock, and wudhu will be valid.

The validity period of such wiping is one day and one night for a sedentary person and three days and three nights for a traveler. The period of validity must be counted from the moment a person’s ablution goes wrong for the first time (after he puts on the khuffs).

Attention! Wiping regular (cotton, wool, synthetic) socks or stockings will not be valid. It is also not allowed to wipe a scarf or skullcap (instead of a hair mask), gloves (instead of washing your hands), or a niqab (instead of washing your face).

Wiping the bandage

What to do if a person has been bandaged due to a wound or fracture (and getting water on the wound can harm health):

In this case, a person can simply wipe the bandage with a damp hand once (it is not necessary to wipe the entire bandage - just wipe most of it). If there is concern that washing the skin near the bandage may cause water to enter the wound and cause harm to it, you can also wipe (rather than wash) the skin near the bandage and wudhu will be valid.

You can read more about wiping socks and bandages in the article: “Actions that violate the reality of the socks off. Wiping the bandage."

Note: All the above rules and decisions regarding ritual purity refer to the opinion of scholars of the Hanafi legal school (madhab). The decisions of scholars of other madhhabs on issues of ablution, in particular, the Shafi'i madhhab, will be somewhat different. Therefore, Muslims living in regions where the Shafi'i school is followed (Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia) should turn to the relevant sites and scholars.

Muslima (Anya) Kobulova

Based on materials from the Darul-Fikr website

Wudu (minor ablution)- This is washing and wiping certain parts of the body. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “When a person washes his hands during ablution, sins committed with his hands are forgiven; when he washes his face, sins committed with his eyes are forgiven; when he wipes his head, sins committed with his ears are forgiven; when he washes his feet, then the sins committed by the feet while walking are forgiven” (Muslim, At-Tirmidhi).

In the Holy Qur'an, Allah shows us the method of performing ablution (wudhu) before prayer, described as follows:

“O you who believe! When you get up for prayer, wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows, wipe your heads and wash your feet up to the ankles.”

Holy Quran. Surah 5 Al-Maida / The Meal, verse 6

Actions without which ablution is considered invalid

1. Wash your face – 1 time

2. Washing hands, including elbows – 1 time

3. Rubbing ¼ of the head – 1 time

4. Washing feet, including ankles – 1 time

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said that the sins of the person who, preparing himself for prayer, pays due attention to ablution, will be washed away along with unclean water, like drops falling from the tips of his nails.

How to perform wudu?

If possible, you should turn towards the Qibla, make the intention to perform ablution (wudu) for the sake of Allah and say: Bismillahi r-Rahmani-r-Rahim- “In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.” Then:

1. Wash your hands up to the wrist 3 times: first the right, then the left. If there is a ring, you need to move it so that water flows under it

2. If possible, brush your teeth with a siwak or toothbrush

2. While collecting water with your right hand, rinse your mouth 3 times, then rinse your nose 3 times, blowing your nose with your left hand.

3. Wash your face 3 times (the boundaries of the face from the beginning of the hair on the forehead and temples to the chin (in women, including the lower part of the jaw) and from the right ear to the left);

4. Wash your hands up to the elbows 3 times. First the right hand, then the left

5. Wet your right palm and wipe your head with it once

6. Wet your hands and rub the inside of your ears with your index fingers and the outside of your ears with your thumbs, then wipe your neck with the back of your hand.

7. Finally, wash your right foot and then your left foot up to and including the ankle 3 times, rinsing between the toes.

After ablution, it is advisable to turn to the Qiblah and say the Shahada: Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah wa ashhadu anna Muhammad-r-Rasul-Allah“I testify that there is no God but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His Messenger.”

It is also advisable to read the dua: متَطَهّـرين الله أكبر – Allahumma-j"al-ni min at-tawwabina wa-j"al-ni min al-mutatahkhirina!- “O Allah, number me among the repentant and number me among the purifying!”

Undesirable actions (makruh) when performing wudu:

1. Excessive water consumption. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ never used more than 1 liter of water for wudu (minor ablution), and spent no more than 3 liters of water for ghusl (full ablution). And no one performed ablution better than him

Miraculous words: washing the face prayer in full description from all the sources we found.